Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play pivotal roles in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stress. A screen of a Nicotiana benthamiana cDNA virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) library for altered plant responses to inoculation with Phytophthora infestans previously identified an NbMKK gene, encoding a clade D MAPKK that we renamed as NbMKK5, which is involved in immunity to P. infestans. To study the role of the potato orthologous gene, referred to as StMKK5, in the response to P. infestans, we transiently overexpressed StMKK5 in N. benthamiana and observed that cell death occurred at 2 days postinfiltration. Silencing of the highly conserved eukaryotic protein SGT1 delayed the StMKK5-induced cell death, whereas silencing of the MAPK-encoding gene NbSIPK completely abolished the cell death response. Further investigations showed that StMKK5 interacts with, and directly phosphorylates, StSIPK. Furthermore, both StMKK5 and StSIPK trigger salicylic acid (SA)- and ethylene (Eth)-related gene expression, and co-expression of the salicylate hydroxylase NahG with the negative regulator of Eth signalling CTR1 hampers StSIPK-triggered cell death. This observation indicates that the cell death triggered by StMKK5-StSIPK is dependent on the combination of SA- and Eth-signalling. By introducing point mutations, we showed that the kinase activity of both StMKK5 and StSIPK is required for triggering cell death. Genetic analysis showed that StMKK5 depends on StSIPK to trigger plant resistance. Thus, our results define a potato StMKK5-SIPK module that positively regulates immunity to P. infestans via activation of both the SA and Eth signalling pathways.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
StMKK5 overexpression triggered cell death in N. benthamiana two days after infiltration.
- Taxon
- N. benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- overexpressed StMKK5e0
- Gene
- StMKK5e0
- Outcome
- cell death occurrede0
- Value
- 2 days postinfiltratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we transiently overexpressed StMKK5 in N. benthamiana and observed that cell death occurred at 2 days postinfiltration”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing SGT1 delayed StMKK5 induced cell death.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Silencinge1
- Gene
- SGT1e1
- Outcome
- StMKK5-induced cell deathe1
- Direction
- delayede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. benthamiana”
e1“Silencing of the highly conserved eukaryotic protein SGT1 delayed the StMKK5-induced cell death, whereas silencing of the MAPK-encoding gene NbSIPK completely abolished the cell death response”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NbSIPK abolished StMKK5 induced cell death.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Silencinge1
- Gene
- NbSIPKe1
- Outcome
- cell death responsee1
- Direction
- abolishede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. benthamiana”
e1“Silencing of the highly conserved eukaryotic protein SGT1 delayed the StMKK5-induced cell death, whereas silencing of the MAPK-encoding gene NbSIPK completely abolished the cell death response”
Claim · model-written summary
StMKK5 interacts with and phosphorylates StSIPK.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Gene
- StMKK5e2
- Outcome
- interacts with, and directly phosphorylates, StSIPKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e2“StMKK5 interacts with, and directly phosphorylates, StSIPK”
Claim · model-written summary
StMKK5 triggers salicylic acid and ethylene related gene expression.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- StMKK5e3
- Gene
- StMKK5e3
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA)- and ethylene (Eth)-related gene expressione3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e3“both StMKK5 and StSIPK trigger salicylic acid (SA)- and ethylene (Eth)-related gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
StSIPK triggers salicylic acid and ethylene related gene expression.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- StSIPKe3
- Gene
- StSIPKe3
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA)- and ethylene (Eth)-related gene expressione3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e3“both StMKK5 and StSIPK trigger salicylic acid (SA)- and ethylene (Eth)-related gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Coexpression of NahG and CTR1 hampers StSIPK induced cell death.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- co-expression of the salicylate hydroxylase NahG with the negative regulator of Eth signalling CTR1e4
- Outcome
- StSIPK-triggered cell deathe4
- Direction
- hamperse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e4“co-expression of the salicylate hydroxylase NahG with the negative regulator of Eth signalling CTR1 hampers StSIPK-triggered cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinase activity of StMKK5 and StSIPK is required to trigger cell death.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Gene
- StMKK5e5
- Outcome
- cell deathe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e5“the kinase activity of both StMKK5 and StSIPK is required for triggering cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
StMKK5 depends on StSIPK to trigger plant resistance.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Gene
- StMKK5e6
- Outcome
- plant resistancee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e6“StMKK5 depends on StSIPK to trigger plant resistance”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · cytology · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.