Abstract
Improving the economic benefits of Camellia oleifera is a major problem for C. oleifera growers, and girdling and foliar fertilizer have significant effects on improving the economic benefits of plants. This study explains the effects of girdling, girdling + foliar fertilizer on nutrient distribution, and the economic benefits of C. oleifera at different times. It also explains the N, P, and K contents of roots, leaves, fruits, and flower buds (sampled in March, May, August, and October 2021) and their economic benefits. The results showed girdling promoted the accumulation of N and K in leaves in March 2021 (before spring shoot emergence) but inhibited the accumulation of P, which led to the accumulation of P in roots and that of N in fruits in August 2021 (fruit expansion period). Foliar fertilizer application after girdling replenished the P content of leaves in March 2021, and P continued to accumulate in large quantities at the subsequent sampling time points. The N and P contents of the root system decreased in March. In October (fruit ripening stage), girdled shrubs showed higher contents of N and K in fruits and flower buds, and consequently lower relative contents of N and K in roots and leaves but higher content of P in leaves. Foliar fertilizer application slowed down the effects of girdling on nutrient accumulation in fruits and flower buds. Spraying foliar fertilizer decreased the N:P ratio in the flower buds and fruits of girdled plants. Thus, foliar fertilizer spray weakened the effects of girdling on the nutrient content and economic benefits of C. oleifera. In conclusion, girdling changed the nutrient accumulation pattern in various organs of C. oleifera at different stages, increased leaf N:K ratio before shoot emergence, reduced root K content at the fruit expansion stage and the N:K ratio of mature fruit, and promoted economic benefits.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling promoted leaf N accumulation in March.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleifera
Camellia oleiferat0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- girdlinge0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Ne0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- March 2021e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling promoted the accumulation of N and K in leaves in March 2021 (before spring shoot emergence) but inhibited the accumulation of P”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling promoted leaf K accumulation in March.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- girdlinge0
- Outcome
- N and Ke0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- March 2021e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling promoted the accumulation of N and K in leaves in March 2021 (before spring shoot emergence) but inhibited the accumulation of P”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling inhibited leaf P accumulation in March.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- girdlinge0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Pe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- March 2021e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling promoted the accumulation of N and K in leaves in March 2021 (before spring shoot emergence) but inhibited the accumulation of P”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling was associated with P accumulation in roots.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Pe0
- Qualifier
- August 2021e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which led to the accumulation of P in roots and that of N in fruits in August 2021 (fruit expansion period)”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling was associated with N accumulation in fruits.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Outcome
- that of Ne0
- Qualifier
- August 2021e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which led to the accumulation of P in roots and that of N in fruits in August 2021 (fruit expansion period)”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizer after girdling replenished leaf phosphorus in March.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Foliar fertilizer application after girdlinge0
- Outcome
- P content of leavese0
- Direction
- replenishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar fertilizer application after girdling replenished the P content of leaves in March 2021, and P continued to accumulate in large quantities at the subsequent sampling time points”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf phosphorus continued accumulating at later sampling times.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Outcome
- P continued to accumulate in large quantitiese0
- Qualifier
- subsequent sampling time pointse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar fertilizer application after girdling replenished the P content of leaves in March 2021, and P continued to accumulate in large quantities at the subsequent sampling time points”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Root N content decreased in March.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- root systeme0
- Outcome
- N and P contents of the root systeme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N and P contents of the root system decreased in March”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Root P content decreased in March.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- root systeme0
- Outcome
- P contents of the root systeme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N and P contents of the root system decreased in March”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling produced higher N in fruits and flower buds in October.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- fruits and flower budse0
- Treatment
- girdled shrubse0
- Outcome
- contents of N and Ke0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- Octobere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In October (fruit ripening stage), girdled shrubs showed higher contents of N and K in fruits and flower buds, and consequently lower relative contents of N and K in roots and leaves but higher content of P in leaves”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling produced higher K in fruits and flower buds in October.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- fruits and flower budse0
- Treatment
- girdled shrubse0
- Outcome
- contents of N and Ke0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- Octobere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In October (fruit ripening stage), girdled shrubs showed higher contents of N and K in fruits and flower buds, and consequently lower relative contents of N and K in roots and leaves but higher content of P in leaves”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling produced lower N in roots and leaves in October.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- girdled shrubse0
- Outcome
- contents of N and Ke0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- Octobere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In October (fruit ripening stage), girdled shrubs showed higher contents of N and K in fruits and flower buds, and consequently lower relative contents of N and K in roots and leaves but higher content of P in leaves”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling produced lower K in roots and leaves in October.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- girdled shrubse0
- Outcome
- contents of N and Ke0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- Octobere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In October (fruit ripening stage), girdled shrubs showed higher contents of N and K in fruits and flower buds, and consequently lower relative contents of N and K in roots and leaves but higher content of P in leaves”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling produced higher P in leaves in October.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- girdled shrubse0
- Outcome
- content of Pe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- Octobere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In October (fruit ripening stage), girdled shrubs showed higher contents of N and K in fruits and flower buds, and consequently lower relative contents of N and K in roots and leaves but higher content of P in leaves”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizer slowed girdling effects on nutrient accumulation in reproductive organs.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- fruits and flower budse0
- Treatment
- Foliar fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- nutrient accumulatione0
- Direction
- slowed downe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar fertilizer application slowed down the effects of girdling on nutrient accumulation in fruits and flower buds”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizer lowered the N:P ratio of buds and fruit in girdled plants.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- flower buds and fruitse0
- Treatment
- Spraying foliar fertilizere0
- Outcome
- N:P ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying foliar fertilizer decreased the N:P ratio in the flower buds and fruits of girdled plants”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling increased leaf N:K ratio.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- girdlinge0
- Outcome
- leaf N:K ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling changed the nutrient accumulation pattern in various organs of C. oleifera at different stages, increased leaf N:K ratio before shoot emergence, reduced root K content at the fruit expansion stage and the N:K ratio of mature fruit, and promoted economic benefits”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling reduced root K content.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- girdlinge0
- Outcome
- root K contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling changed the nutrient accumulation pattern in various organs of C. oleifera at different stages, increased leaf N:K ratio before shoot emergence, reduced root K content at the fruit expansion stage and the N:K ratio of mature fruit, and promoted economic benefits”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling reduced N:K ratio of mature fruit.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- girdlinge0
- Outcome
- N:K ratio of mature fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling changed the nutrient accumulation pattern in various organs of C. oleifera at different stages, increased leaf N:K ratio before shoot emergence, reduced root K content at the fruit expansion stage and the N:K ratio of mature fruit, and promoted economic benefits”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling promoted economic benefits.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- girdlinge0
- Outcome
- economic benefitse0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling changed the nutrient accumulation pattern in various organs of C. oleifera at different stages, increased leaf N:K ratio before shoot emergence, reduced root K content at the fruit expansion stage and the N:K ratio of mature fruit, and promoted economic benefits”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
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