Abstract
Agricultural productivity is significantly influenced by the restricted availability of irrigation water and poor soil health. To assess the influence of different potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD) regimes and integrated nutrient levels on the growth, yield, and quality of wheat, an experiment was carried out at the research area of the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The experiment includes three levels of PSMD (I1: 25 mm PSMD, I2: 50 mm PSMD, and I3: 75 mm PSMD) and four integrated nutrition levels (N1: 50% organic manure + 50% Inorganic NPK, N2: 75% organic manure + 25% inorganic NPK, N3: 100% application of organic manure, and N4: 100% application of inorganic NPK). Results of the experiment revealed that maximum grain yield (4.78 t ha−1) was obtained as a result of irrigation at 50 mm PSMD with the combined use of organic and inorganic sources in equal proportions. In contrast, the minimum yield was observed at I3: 75 mm PSMD with 100% application of organic manure. The highest plant height (99.11 cm), fertile tillers (284.4), 1000-grain weight (44.48 g), biological yield (14.82 t ha−1), radiation use efficiency for grain yield (RUEGY) (5.71 g MJ−1), and radiation use efficiency for total dry matter (RUETDM) (2.15 g MJ−1) were observed under N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatment. The highest value of these parameters was also observed in I2 (50 mm PSMD). The results of this study can be extended to arid and semi-arid regions, where deficit irrigation is a key strategy to address water crises and to meet sustainable development goals.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield peaked at 4.78 t ha−1 under 50 mm PSMD with equal organic and inorganic nutrients.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- irrigation at 50 mm PSMD with the combined use of organic and inorganic sources in equal proportionse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.78 t ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum grain yield (4.78 t ha−1) was obtained as a result of irrigation at 50 mm PSMD with the combined use of organic and inorganic sources in equal proportions.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest wheat grain yield occurred at 75 mm PSMD with fully organic manure.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I3: 75 mm PSMD with 100% application of organic manuree0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the minimum yield was observed at I3: 75 mm PSMD with 100% application of organic manure.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N1 produced the highest wheat plant height, 99.11 cm.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 99.11 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest plant height (99.11 cm), fertile tillers (284.4), 1000-grain weight (44.48 g), biological yield (14.82 t ha−1), radiation use efficiency for grain yield (RUEGY) (5.71 g MJ−1), and radiation use efficiency for total dry matter (RUETDM) (2.15 g MJ−1) were observed under N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatment.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N1 produced the highest fertile tiller count, 284.4.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatmente0
- Outcome
- fertile tillerse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 284.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest plant height (99.11 cm), fertile tillers (284.4), 1000-grain weight (44.48 g), biological yield (14.82 t ha−1), radiation use efficiency for grain yield (RUEGY) (5.71 g MJ−1), and radiation use efficiency for total dry matter (RUETDM) (2.15 g MJ−1) were observed under N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatment.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N1 produced the highest 1000-grain weight, 44.48 g.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatmente0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 44.48 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest plant height (99.11 cm), fertile tillers (284.4), 1000-grain weight (44.48 g), biological yield (14.82 t ha−1), radiation use efficiency for grain yield (RUEGY) (5.71 g MJ−1), and radiation use efficiency for total dry matter (RUETDM) (2.15 g MJ−1) were observed under N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatment.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N1 produced the highest biological yield, 14.82 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatmente0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 14.82 t ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest plant height (99.11 cm), fertile tillers (284.4), 1000-grain weight (44.48 g), biological yield (14.82 t ha−1), radiation use efficiency for grain yield (RUEGY) (5.71 g MJ−1), and radiation use efficiency for total dry matter (RUETDM) (2.15 g MJ−1) were observed under N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatment.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N1 produced the highest radiation use efficiency for grain yield, 5.71 g MJ−1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatmente0
- Outcome
- radiation use efficiency for grain yield (RUEGY)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.71 g MJ−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest plant height (99.11 cm), fertile tillers (284.4), 1000-grain weight (44.48 g), biological yield (14.82 t ha−1), radiation use efficiency for grain yield (RUEGY) (5.71 g MJ−1), and radiation use efficiency for total dry matter (RUETDM) (2.15 g MJ−1) were observed under N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatment.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N1 produced the highest radiation use efficiency for total dry matter, 2.15 g MJ−1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatmente0
- Outcome
- radiation use efficiency for total dry matter (RUETDM)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.15 g MJ−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest plant height (99.11 cm), fertile tillers (284.4), 1000-grain weight (44.48 g), biological yield (14.82 t ha−1), radiation use efficiency for grain yield (RUEGY) (5.71 g MJ−1), and radiation use efficiency for total dry matter (RUETDM) (2.15 g MJ−1) were observed under N1: 50% organic manure with 50% inorganic NPK treatment.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The same six wheat growth, yield, and radiation-use measures were also highest at 50 mm PSMD.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I2 (50 mm PSMD)e0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest value of these parameters was also observed in I2 (50 mm PSMD).”
e1“plant height (99.11 cm), fertile tillers (284.4), 1000-grain weight (44.48 g), biological yield (14.82 t ha−1), radiation use efficiency for grain yield (RUEGY) (5.71 g MJ−1), and radiation use efficiency for total dry matter (RUETDM) (2.15 g MJ−1)”
t0“Wheat”
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