Abstract
Potato growers worldwide have been at war for more than 150 years with an enemy whose lifecycle, genome size and architecture, infection rate, and economic impacts are the epitome of a plant pathogen. Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete that causes the notorious late blight infection in potato and tomato fields. This study explored the benefits of the multitalented plant symbiotic fungi Trichoderma spp. and their metabolites as potential biopesticides against P. infestans. Eleven strains of Trichoderma spp. were obtained from soil and tree barks and were identified using DNA sequence analysis of three molecular markers. The antagonistic potential of the strains against P. infestans was first evaluated in vitro. In dual-culture assays, P. infestans growth was significantly inhibited (53 to 95%) by different Trichoderma spp. through direct mycoparasitism, competition for space and nutrients, or antibiosis. The cell-free filtrates (CFFs) of different Trichoderma strains were obtained and characterized for anti- Phytophthora activities as well as biochemical stability. The obtained results indicated that Trichoderma CFFs were chemically stable and strongly decreased P. infestans’ mycelial growth and zoospore motility and viability. Similarly, in leaf-disk assays, Trichoderma CFFs showed significant protection against P. infestans infection. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of harzianic acid, iso-harzianic acid, and 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one as major compounds in different Trichoderma CFFs. Furthermore, selected Trichoderma strains significantly protected potato plants against soil-mediated late blight infection. Finally, Trichoderma spp. showed high compatibility with a copper-based fungicide, especially at lower concentrations, suggesting that both protective agents could be combined in integrated pest management programs. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma spp. significantly inhibited P. infestans growth by 53 to 95% in dual culture.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- Trichoderma spp.e1
- Interactor
- P. infestans
Phytophthora infestanse1pathogen - Second interactor
- Trichoderma spp.
Trichodermae1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- P. infestans growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 53 to 95%e1
- Setting
- dual-culture assayse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato Late Blight”
e1“In dual-culture assays, P. infestans growth was significantly inhibited (53 to 95%) by different Trichoderma spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma filtrates decreased mycelial growth and zoospore motility and viability of P. infestans.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma CFFse2
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse2pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial growth and zoospore motility and viabilitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato Late Blight”
e2“Trichoderma CFFs were chemically stable and strongly decreased P. infestans’ mycelial growth and zoospore motility and viability”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma filtrates were chemically stable.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- chemically stablee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato Late Blight”
e2“Trichoderma CFFs were chemically stable and strongly decreased P. infestans’ mycelial growth and zoospore motility and viability”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma filtrates showed significant protection against P. infestans infection in leaf-disk assays.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma CFFse3
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse3pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protection against P. infestans infectione3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato Late Blight”
e3“Trichoderma CFFs showed significant protection against P. infestans infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Harzianic acid, iso-harzianic acid and 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one were major compounds of Trichoderma filtrates.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- harzianic acid, iso-harzianic acid, and 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one as major compoundse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato Late Blight”
e4“harzianic acid, iso-harzianic acid, and 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one as major compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected Trichoderma strains significantly protected potato plants against soil-mediated late blight infection.
- Taxon
- potato plantsSolanum tuberosume5
- Treatment
- selected Trichoderma strainse5
- Outcome
- late blight infectione5
- Direction
- protectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“selected Trichoderma strains significantly protected potato plants against soil-mediated late blight infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma spp. showed high compatibility with a copper-based fungicide, especially at lower concentrations.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma spp.Trichodermae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- compatibility with a copper-based fungicidee6
- Qualifier
- especially at lower concentrationse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato Late Blight”
e6“Trichoderma spp. showed high compatibility with a copper-based fungicide, especially at lower concentrations”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.