Abstract
) of penoxsulam was determined at 20 µg/L by the root growth inhibition test as the concentration reducing the root length by 50%. The bulbs of A. cepa L. were treated with tap water, blueberry extracts (25 and 50 mg/L), penoxsulam (20 µg/L) and combination of blueberry extracts (25 and 50 mg/L) with penoxsulam (20 µg/L) for 96 h. The results revealed that penoxsulam exposure inhibited cell division, rooting percentage, growth rate, root length and weight gain in the roots of A. cepa L. In addition, it induced chromosomal anomalies such as sticky chromosome, fragment, unequal distribution of chromatin, bridge, vagrant chromosome and c-mitosis and DNA strand breaks. Further, penoxsulam treatment enhanced malondialdehyde content and SOD, CAT and GR antioxidant enzyme activities. Molecular docking results supported the up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme SOD, CAT and GR. Against all these toxicity, blueberry extracts reduced penoxsulam toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest amount of recovery for cytological, morphological and oxidative stress parameters was observed when using blueberry extract at a concentration of 50 mg/L. In addition, blueberry extracts application showed a positive correlation with weight gain, root length, mitotic index and rooting percentage whereas a negative correlation with micronucleus formation, DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, antioxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation indicating its protecting effects. As a result, it has been seen that the blueberry extract can tolerate all these toxic effects of penoxsulam depending on the concentration, and it has been understood that it is a good protective natural product against such chemical exposures.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam at 20 µg/L reduced onion root length by 50%.
Verbatim
e0“penoxsulam was determined at 20 µg/L by the root growth inhibition test as the concentration reducing the root length by 50%.”
e1“The bulbs of A. cepa L. were treated with tap water”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam inhibited onion cell division, rooting, growth and weight gain.
- Taxon
- A. cepa L.e0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- penoxsulam exposuree0
- Outcome
- cell division, rooting percentage, growth ratee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“penoxsulam exposure inhibited cell division, rooting percentage, growth rate, root length and weight gain in the roots of A. cepa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam caused chromosomal anomalies and DNA strand breaks in onion roots.
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
e0“it induced chromosomal anomalies such as sticky chromosome, fragment, unequal distribution of chromatin, bridge, vagrant chromosome and c-mitosis and DNA strand breaks.”
e1“roots of A. cepa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam increased malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activities.
Verbatim
e0“penoxsulam treatment enhanced malondialdehyde content and SOD, CAT and GR antioxidant enzyme activities.”
e1“The bulbs of A. cepa L. were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Blueberry extracts reduced penoxsulam toxicity in a concentration dependent manner.
Verbatim
e0“blueberry extracts reduced penoxsulam toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner.”
e1“The bulbs of A. cepa L. were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50 mg/L blueberry extract gave the highest recovery of cytological, morphological and oxidative stress parameters.
Verbatim
e0“The highest amount of recovery for cytological, morphological and oxidative stress parameters was observed when using blueberry extract at a concentration of 50 mg/L.”
e1“The bulbs of A. cepa L. were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Blueberry extract application positively correlated with weight gain, root length, mitotic index and rooting percentage.
- Treatment
- blueberry extracts applicatione0
- Outcome
- weight gain, root length, mitotic index and rooting percentagee0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“blueberry extracts application showed a positive correlation with weight gain, root length, mitotic index and rooting percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
Blueberry extract application negatively correlated with micronuclei, DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation.
Not reportedTaxonOrgan / stageTreatment
Verbatim
e0“a negative correlation with micronucleus formation, DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, antioxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation”
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