Abstract
The tendency to use natural organic wastes is one of the environmentally safe applications in crop production. Therefore, the presented study aimed to determine the effect of adding mushroom and sulfur residues to gypsiferous soil and their efficiency in improving the production of broccoli ‘Balimo F1’ (Brassica oleracea var. ‘Italica’). The study set out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The 10 combined treatments of the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and sulfur residues consisted of 0% and 15% (SMS), and 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 S kg ha-1. The interaction of the spent mushroom substrate with sulfur showed significant differences for most growth and yield-related traits of broccoli, including leaf length, leaves per plant, roots per plant, head diameter, head weight, total yield, and harvest index, as compared with the control treatments. Among all the treatments in broccoli, the highest total yield (148,702 kg ha-1) resulted in the treatment SMS – 15% + Sulfur – 3000 kg ha-1, followed by the total yields of 111,608 and 105,663 kg ha-1 produced by the treatments SMS – 15% + Sulfur – 4000 kg ha-1 and SMS – 15% + Sulfur – 2000 kg ha-1, respectively. However, the minimum total yield in broccoli (28,295 kg ha-1) came from the treatment SMS – 0% + Sulfur – 3000 kg ha-1, followed by a total yield of 33,793 kg ha-1 obtained in the treatment SMS – 0% + Sulfur – 4000 kg ha-1. Overall, and compared with the control, a significant influence occurred due to the interaction of spent mushroom substrate and sulfur with levels of 15% and 3000 kg ha-1, respectively.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate and sulfur interacted significantly for broccoli leaf length, leaf and root counts.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Treatment
- spent mushroom substrate with sulfure0
- Outcome
- leaf length, leaves per plant, roots per plante0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of the spent mushroom substrate with sulfur showed significant differences for most growth and yield-related traits of broccoli, including leaf length, leaves per plant, roots per plant, head diameter, head weight, total yield, and harvest index, as compared with the control treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate and sulfur interacted significantly for broccoli head diameter, head weight and total yield.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- spent mushroom substrate with sulfure0
- Outcome
- head diameter, head weight, total yielde0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of the spent mushroom substrate with sulfur showed significant differences for most growth and yield-related traits of broccoli, including leaf length, leaves per plant, roots per plant, head diameter, head weight, total yield, and harvest index, as compared with the control treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate and sulfur interacted significantly for broccoli harvest index.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- spent mushroom substrate with sulfure0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of the spent mushroom substrate with sulfur showed significant differences for most growth and yield-related traits of broccoli, including leaf length, leaves per plant, roots per plant, head diameter, head weight, total yield, and harvest index, as compared with the control treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli total yield peaked at 148,702 kg ha-1 with 15% substrate and 3000 kg ha-1 sulfur.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- SMS – 15% + Sulfur – 3000 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 148,702 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest total yield (148,702 kg ha-1) resulted in the treatment SMS – 15% + Sulfur – 3000 kg ha-1”
t0“BROCCOLI”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli yield was 111,608 kg ha-1 with 15% substrate and 4000 kg ha-1 sulfur.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- SMS – 15% + Sulfur – 4000 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- total yieldse0
- Value
- 111,608e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total yields of 111,608 and 105,663 kg ha-1 produced by the treatments SMS – 15% + Sulfur – 4000 kg ha-1 and SMS – 15% + Sulfur – 2000 kg ha-1, respectively”
t0“BROCCOLI”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli yield was 105,663 kg ha-1 with 15% substrate and 2000 kg ha-1 sulfur.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- SMS – 15% + Sulfur – 2000 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- total yieldse0
- Value
- 105,663 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total yields of 111,608 and 105,663 kg ha-1 produced by the treatments SMS – 15% + Sulfur – 4000 kg ha-1 and SMS – 15% + Sulfur – 2000 kg ha-1, respectively”
t0“BROCCOLI”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli yield was lowest at 28,295 kg ha-1 with no substrate and 3000 kg ha-1 sulfur.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- SMS – 0% + Sulfur – 3000 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 28,295 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the minimum total yield in broccoli (28,295 kg ha-1) came from the treatment SMS – 0% + Sulfur – 3000 kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli yield was 33,793 kg ha-1 with no substrate and 4000 kg ha-1 sulfur.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- SMS – 0% + Sulfur – 4000 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Value
- 33,793 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a total yield of 33,793 kg ha-1 obtained in the treatment SMS – 0% + Sulfur – 4000 kg ha-1”
t0“BROCCOLI”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of 15% substrate and 3000 kg ha-1 sulfur had a significant effect relative to control.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- spent mushroom substrate and sulfur with levels of 15% and 3000 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- significant influencee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with the control, a significant influence occurred due to the interaction of spent mushroom substrate and sulfur with levels of 15% and 3000 kg ha-1, respectively”
t0“BROCCOLI”
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.