Abstract
Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil was used for fermentation, to which an inoculum of Lactobacillus plantarum YQM48 was added, to assess its effect on the feed quality and the microbial community structure of the fermented silage. A control was included without inoculum. The nutritional components, fermentation quality, pH, and microbial community of the silage were measured after 30 and 60 days of anaerobic fermentation. The results showed that after 30 and 60 days of fermentation in the presence of the inoculum, the content of water-soluble carbohydrates, crude protein content, and dry matter were all significantly higher than those of the control silage, the pH and butyric acid content were lower, and the content of lactic acid and acetic acid were higher (p < 0.05 for all). There was no significant difference in pH and butyric acid content between 30 and 60 days of fermentation in the presence of the inoculum (p > 0.05), while the lactic acid and acetic acid contents were significantly lower in the 60-day silage compared to the 30-day silage (p < 0.05). Fermentation reduced the abundance of Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria (the abundant phyla in the fresh alfalfa), while the abundance of Firmicutes increased, reaching 92.3% after 60 days of fermentation with inoculum. The dominant genus in that sample was Lactobacillus (70.0%), followed by Enterococcus (12.9%), while fermentation of 60 days without inoculum resulted in only 29.2% Lactobacillus, together with 27.8% Cyanobacteria, and 12.2% Enterococcus. In summary, the addition of L. plantarum YQM48 can improve the nutritional components and fermentation quality of alfalfa silage cultivated on a salt-alkali soil.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated alfalfa silage had significantly higher water-soluble carbohydrates, crude protein and dry matter than the control silage after 30 and 60 days.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- in the presence of the inoculume1
- Outcome
- water-soluble carbohydrates, crude protein content, and dry mattere1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
- Qualifier
- after 30 and 60 days of fermentatione1
- Comparator
- control silagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil”
e1“after 30 and 60 days of fermentation in the presence of the inoculum, the content of water-soluble carbohydrates, crude protein content, and dry matter were all significantly higher than those of the control silage, the pH and butyric acid content were lower”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated alfalfa silage had lower pH and butyric acid content than the control silage.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- in the presence of the inoculume1
- Outcome
- pH and butyric acid contente1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- control silagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil”
e1“after 30 and 60 days of fermentation in the presence of the inoculum, the content of water-soluble carbohydrates, crude protein content, and dry matter were all significantly higher than those of the control silage, the pH and butyric acid content were lower”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated alfalfa silage had higher lactic acid and acetic acid contents than the control silage.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- in the presence of the inoculume1
- Outcome
- lactic acid and acetic acide2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- control silagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil”
e1“after 30 and 60 days of fermentation in the presence of the inoculum, the content of water-soluble carbohydrates, crude protein content, and dry matter were all significantly higher than those of the control silage”
e2“the content of lactic acid and acetic acid were higher”
Claim · model-written summary
With inoculum, pH and butyric acid content did not differ significantly between 30 and 60 days of fermentation.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- in the presence of the inoculume3
- Outcome
- pH and butyric acid contente3
- Qualifier
- between 30 and 60 days of fermentatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil”
e3“There was no significant difference in pH and butyric acid content between 30 and 60 days of fermentation in the presence of the inoculum (p > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactic acid and acetic acid contents were significantly lower in 60-day than in 30-day inoculated silage.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 60-day silagee4
- Outcome
- lactic acid and acetic acid contentse4
- Direction
- significantly lowere4
- Comparator
- 30-day silagee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil”
e4“the lactic acid and acetic acid contents were significantly lower in the 60-day silage compared to the 30-day silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermentation reduced the abundance of Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria in alfalfa silage relative to fresh alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae5
- Treatment
- Fermentatione5
- Outcome
- abundance of Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteriae5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Comparator
- fresh alfalfae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Fermentation reduced the abundance of Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria (the abundant phyla in the fresh alfalfa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The abundance of Firmicutes increased, reaching 92.3% after 60 days of fermentation with inoculum.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 60 days of fermentation with inoculume6
- Outcome
- abundance of Firmicutese6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 92.3%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil”
e6“the abundance of Firmicutes increased, reaching 92.3% after 60 days of fermentation with inoculum”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus was the dominant genus (70.0%) in 60-day inoculated alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 60 days of fermentation with inoculume7
- Outcome
- Lactobacilluse7
- Value
- 70.0%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil”
e7“after 60 days of fermentation with inoculum. The dominant genus in that sample was Lactobacillus (70.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enterococcus was the second genus (12.9%) in 60-day inoculated alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 60 days of fermentation with inoculume7
- Outcome
- Enterococcuse1
- Value
- 12.9%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil”
e7“after 60 days of fermentation with inoculum. The dominant genus in that sample was Lactobacillus (70.0%)”
e1“followed by Enterococcus (12.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Without inoculum, 60-day fermented alfalfa silage had only 29.2% Lactobacillus.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- fermentation of 60 days without inoculume1
- Outcome
- Lactobacilluse1
- Value
- 29.2%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil”
e1“fermentation of 60 days without inoculum resulted in only 29.2% Lactobacillus”
Claim · model-written summary
Without inoculum, 60-day fermented alfalfa silage had 27.8% Cyanobacteria.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- fermentation of 60 days without inoculume1
- Outcome
- Cyanobacteriae2
- Value
- 27.8%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil”
e1“fermentation of 60 days without inoculum resulted in only 29.2% Lactobacillus”
e2“together with 27.8% Cyanobacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Without inoculum, 60-day fermented alfalfa silage had 12.2% Enterococcus.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- fermentation of 60 days without inoculume1
- Outcome
- Enterococcuse2
- Value
- 12.2%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa cultivated in salt–alkali soil”
e1“fermentation of 60 days without inoculum resulted in only 29.2% Lactobacillus”
e2“12.2% Enterococcus”
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