Abstract
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a notorious soil-borne fungal disease and seriously threatens the yield of economic crops worldwide. During host infection, V. dahliae secretes many effectors that manipulate host immunity, among which small cysteine-rich proteins (SCPs) play an important role. However, the exact roles of many SCPs from V. dahliae are unknown and varied. In this study, we show that the small cysteine-rich protein VdSCP23 inhibits cell necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, electrolyte leakage and the expression of defense-related genes. VdSCP23 is mainly localized in the plant cell plasma membrane and nucleus, but its inhibition of immune responses was independent of its nuclear localization. Site-directed mutagenesis and peptide truncation showed that the inhibition function of VdSCP23 was independent of cysteine residues but was dependent on the N-glycosylation sites and the integrity of VdSCP23 protein structure. Deletion of VdSCP23 did not affect the growth and development of mycelia or conidial production in V. dahliae. Unexpectedly, VdSCP23 deletion strains still maintained their virulence for N. benthamiana, Gossypium hirsutum and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. This study demonstrates an important role for VdSCP23 in the inhibition of plant immune responses; however, it is not required for normal growth or virulence in V. dahliae.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
VdSCP23 inhibited necrosis, reactive oxygen species burst, electrolyte leakage, and defense gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- VdSCP23e0
- Gene
- VdSCP23e0
- Outcome
- cell necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, electrolyte leakage and the expression of defense-related genese0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the small cysteine-rich protein VdSCP23 inhibits cell necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, electrolyte leakage and the expression of defense-related genes”
Claim · model-written summary
VdSCP23 localized mainly to the plant plasma membrane and nucleus.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaet0 - Gene
- VdSCP23e0
- Outcome
- plant cell plasma membrane and nucleuse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VdSCP23 is mainly localized in the plant cell plasma membrane and nucleus”
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
VdSCP23 immune suppression was independent of nuclear localization.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Gene
- VdSCP23e1
- Outcome
- inhibition of immune responsese0
- Qualifier
- independent of its nuclear localizatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its inhibition of immune responses was independent of its nuclear localization”
e1“VdSCP23 is mainly localized in the plant cell plasma membrane and nucleus”
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibition function of VdSCP23 did not depend on cysteine residues.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition function of VdSCP23 was independent of cysteine residues”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibition function of VdSCP23 depended on its N-glycosylation sites and intact protein structure.
- Taxon
- VdSCP23e0
- Gene
- VdSCP23e0
- Outcome
- inhibition functione1
- Qualifier
- N-glycosylation sites and the integrity of VdSCP23 protein structuree0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“was dependent on the N-glycosylation sites and the integrity of VdSCP23 protein structure”
e1“the inhibition function of VdSCP23”
Claim · model-written summary
Deleting VdSCP23 did not affect Verticillium dahliae mycelial growth or conidial production.
- Taxon
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0
- Treatment
- Deletion of VdSCP23e0
- Gene
- VdSCP23e0
- Outcome
- growth and development of mycelia or conidial productione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deletion of VdSCP23 did not affect the growth and development of mycelia or conidial production in V. dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
VdSCP23 deletion strains retained virulence in Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- VdSCP23 deletion strainse0
- Gene
- VdSCP23e0
- Outcome
- virulencee0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VdSCP23 deletion strains still maintained their virulence for N. benthamiana, Gossypium hirsutum and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
VdSCP23 deletion strains retained virulence in Gossypium hirsutum seedlings.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- VdSCP23 deletion strainse0
- Gene
- VdSCP23e0
- Outcome
- virulencee0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VdSCP23 deletion strains still maintained their virulence for N. benthamiana, Gossypium hirsutum and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
VdSCP23 deletion strains retained virulence in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- VdSCP23 deletion strainse0
- Gene
- VdSCP23e0
- Outcome
- virulencee0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VdSCP23 deletion strains still maintained their virulence for N. benthamiana, Gossypium hirsutum and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings”
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