Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms, including members of the Trichoderma genus, are known for their ability to promote plant growth and disease resistance, as well as being alternatives to synthetic inputs in agriculture. In this study, 111 Trichoderma strains were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Florence Aurore, an ancient wheat variety that was cultivated in an organic farming system in Tunisia. A preliminary ITS analysis allowed us to cluster these 111 isolates into three main groups, T. harzianum (74 isolates), T. lixii (16 isolates) and T. sp. (21 isolates), represented by six different species. Their multi-locus analysis (tef1, translation elongation factor 1; rpb2, RNA polymerase B) identified three T. afroharzianum, one T. lixii, one T. atrobrunneum and one T. lentinulae species. These six new strains were selected to determine their suitability as plant growth promoters (PGP) and biocontrol agents (BCA) against Fusarium seedling blight disease (FSB) in wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum. All of the strains exhibited PGP abilities correlated to ammonia and indole-like compound production. In terms of biocontrol activity, all of the strains inhibited the development of F. culmorum in vitro, which is linked to the production of lytic enzymes, as well as diffusible and volatile organic compounds. An in planta assay was carried out on the seeds of a Tunisian modern wheat variety (Khiar) by coating them with Trichoderma. A significant increase in biomass was observed, which is associated with increased chlorophyll and nitrogen. An FSB bioprotective effect was confirmed for all strains (with Th01 being the most effective) by suppressing morbid symptoms in germinated seeds and seedlings, as well as by limiting F. culmorum aggressiveness on overall plant growth. Plant transcriptome analysis revealed that the isolates triggered several SA- and JA-dependent defense-encoding genes involved in F. culmorum resistance in the roots and leaves of three-week-old seedlings. This finding makes these strains very promising in promoting growth and controlling FSB disease in modern wheat varieties.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
All selected Trichoderma strains showed plant growth promoting abilities correlated with ammonia and indole-like compound production.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Compound
- ammonia and indole-like compounde0
- Outcome
- PGP abilitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the strains exhibited PGP abilities correlated to ammonia and indole-like compound production.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
All selected strains inhibited F. culmorum development in vitro.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- F. culmorum
.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium culmorume0pathogen - Outcome
- development of F. culmorume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“all of the strains inhibited the development of F. culmorum in vitro”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating wheat seeds with Trichoderma significantly increased biomass.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coating them with Trichodermae1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae1symbiont - Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in biomass was observed”
t0“Wheat”
e1“coating them with Trichoderma”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma coating increased wheat chlorophyll and nitrogen alongside biomass.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coating them with Trichodermae1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“associated with increased chlorophyll and nitrogen”
t0“Wheat”
e1“coating them with Trichoderma”
Claim · model-written summary
All Trichoderma strains suppressed morbid symptoms in germinated wheat seeds and seedlings, with Th01 most effective.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- germinated seeds and seedlingse0
- Treatment
- all strainse0
- Outcome
- morbid symptomse0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
- Qualifier
- Th01 being the most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An FSB bioprotective effect was confirmed for all strains (with Th01 being the most effective) by suppressing morbid symptoms in germinated seeds and seedlings”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
All Trichoderma strains limited F. culmorum aggressiveness on overall wheat growth.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all strainse1
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. culmorum aggressiveness on overall plant growthe0
- Direction
- limitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“limiting F. culmorum aggressiveness on overall plant growth”
t0“Wheat”
e1“An FSB bioprotective effect was confirmed for all strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma isolates triggered SA- and JA-dependent defense-encoding genes in wheat seedling roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leaves of three-week-old seedlingse0
- Treatment
- the isolatese0
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- SA- and JA-dependent defense-encoding genese0
- Direction
- triggerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the isolates triggered several SA- and JA-dependent defense-encoding genes involved in F. culmorum resistance in the roots and leaves of three-week-old seedlings”
t0“Wheat”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.