Abstract
As the level of the global economy was enhanced, the amount of meat consumption has increased rapidly. Environmental pollution by livestock excretion has become a big problem worldwide because the number of livestock farms has increased. However, we need to consider the availability of livestock manure as an organic matter resource in sustainable agriculture. Here, we survey the effects of purified liquid fertilizer (PLF) and liquid Bio-fertilizer (LBF) on plant growth. We evaluated the plant length, leaf width, leaf length, chlorophyll concentration (SPAD), stem diameter, and the number, fresh and dry weights, and sugar contents of tomato fruits in tomato under PLF and LBF treatments by comparing to chemical liquid fertilizer (CLF) treatment. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities (total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and DPPH) were evaluated in both liquid fertilizer-treated groups. We observed the increased values of plant length and SPAD in the PLF group, and the width and length of leaves, stem diameter, and fruit number in the LBF group, respectively. However, no significant differences were observed in the fresh and dry weight of tomatoes between PLF and LBF. Overall, the CLF group showed improved plant development in tomatoes compared to PLF and LBF groups developed from livestock. Interestingly, the DPPH scavenging activities were increased in PLF and LBF groups. The PLF group showed the fastest maturity of tomato fruits in both groups.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
PLF increased tomato plant length and SPAD.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- PLFe0
- Outcome
- plant length and SPADe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased values of plant length and SPAD in the PLF group”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
LBF increased tomato leaf width and length and stem diameter.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LBFe0
- Outcome
- width and length of leaves, stem diametere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“width and length of leaves, stem diameter, and fruit number in the LBF group”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
LBF increased tomato fruit number.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LBFe0
- Outcome
- fruit numbere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“width and length of leaves, stem diameter, and fruit number in the LBF group”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh and dry tomato weights did not differ significantly between PLF and LBF.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- PLF and LBFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant differences were observed in the fresh and dry weight of tomatoes between PLF and LBF”
Claim · model-written summary
CLF improved tomato plant development relative to PLF and LBF.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- CLFe0
- Outcome
- plant developmente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- PLF and LBF groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CLF group showed improved plant development in tomatoes compared to PLF and LBF groups”
Claim · model-written summary
PLF increased DPPH scavenging activity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PLFe0
- Outcome
- DPPH scavenging activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DPPH scavenging activities were increased in PLF and LBF groups”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
LBF increased DPPH scavenging activity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LBFe0
- Outcome
- DPPH scavenging activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DPPH scavenging activities were increased in PLF and LBF groups”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PLF produced the fastest tomato fruit maturity among the compared groups.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- PLFe0
- Outcome
- maturity of tomato fruitse0
- Direction
- fasteste0
- Comparator
- both groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PLF group showed the fastest maturity of tomato fruits in both groups”
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