Abstract
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-sugars are important metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and may be important signaling molecules. UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (UGE) catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-Glc and UDP-Gal, whose biological function in rice (Oryza sativa) fertility is poorly understood. Here, we identify and characterize the botryoid pollen 1 (bp1) mutant and show that BP1 encodes a UGE that regulates UDP-sugar homeostasis, thereby controlling the development of rice anthers. The loss of BP1 function led to massive accumulation of UDP-Glc and imbalance of other UDP-sugars. We determined that the higher levels of UDP-Glc and its derivatives in bp1 may induce the expression of NADPH oxidase genes, resulting in a premature accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby advancing programmed cell death (PCD) of anther walls but delaying the end of tapetal degradation. The accumulation of UDP-Glc as metabolites resulted in an abnormal degradation of callose, producing an adhesive microspore. Furthermore, the UDP-sugar metabolism pathway is not only involved in the formation of intine but also in the formation of the initial framework for extine. Our results reveal how UDP-sugars regulate anther development and provide new clues for cellular ROS accumulation and PCD triggered by UDP-Glc as a signaling molecule.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
BP1 encodes a UGE that regulates UDP-sugar homeostasis and rice anther development.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Gene
- BP1e0
- Compound
- UDP-sugare0
- Outcome
- development of rice antherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BP1 encodes a UGE that regulates UDP-sugar homeostasis, thereby controlling the development of rice anthers”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of BP1 caused massive UDP-Glc accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- loss of BP1 functione0
- Gene
- BP1e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of UDP-Glce0
- Direction
- massive accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The loss of BP1 function led to massive accumulation of UDP-Glc”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of BP1 disrupted other UDP-sugars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- loss of BP1 functione0
- Gene
- BP1e0
- Outcome
- imbalance of other UDP-sugarse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The loss of BP1 function led to massive accumulation of UDP-Glc and imbalance of other UDP-sugars”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated UDP-Glc and its derivatives in bp1 may induce NADPH oxidase gene expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- bp1e0
- Gene
- NADPH oxidase genese0
- Compound
- UDP-Glce0
- Outcome
- expression of NADPH oxidase genese0
- Direction
- inducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the higher levels of UDP-Glc and its derivatives in bp1 may induce the expression of NADPH oxidase genes”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher UDP-Glc in bp1 may cause premature ROS accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- bp1e0
- Compound
- UDP-Glce0
- Outcome
- premature accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the higher levels of UDP-Glc and its derivatives in bp1 may induce the expression of NADPH oxidase genes, resulting in a premature accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The bp1 signaling change advanced anther-wall PCD.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- anther wallse0
- Outcome
- programmed cell death (PCD) of anther wallse0
- Qualifier
- thereby advancinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby advancing programmed cell death (PCD) of anther walls”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The bp1 signaling change delayed the end of tapetal degradation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- tapetale0
- Outcome
- end of tapetal degradatione0
- Qualifier
- delayinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“delaying the end of tapetal degradation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UDP-Glc accumulation caused abnormal callose degradation and adhesive microspores.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- UDP-Glce0
- Outcome
- abnormal degradation of callose, producing an adhesive microsporee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulation of UDP-Glc as metabolites resulted in an abnormal degradation of callose, producing an adhesive microspore.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The UDP-sugar metabolism pathway participates in intine formation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- UDP-sugare0
- Outcome
- formation of intinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the UDP-sugar metabolism pathway is not only involved in the formation of intine but also in the formation of the initial framework for extine”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The UDP-sugar metabolism pathway participates in the initial extine framework.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- UDP-sugare0
- Outcome
- formation of the initial framework for extinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the UDP-sugar metabolism pathway is not only involved in the formation of intine but also in the formation of the initial framework for extine”
t0“rice”