Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study the differential responses to assimilated nutrient management in the cabbage–capsicum–radish cropping system to develop an integrated plant nutrient supply. The experimental trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates and included assimilations of 15 various combinations: T1—recommended dose of fertilizers (RDFs) + farmyard manure (FYM) (Control); T2—nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) + vermicompost (VC) (75% + 2.5 t/ha); T3—NP + VC (50% + 2.5 t/ha); T4—NP + enriched compost (EC) (75% + 2.5 t/ha); T5—NP + EC (50% + 2.5 t/ha); T6—NP + plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (75% + 5 kg/ha); T7—NP + PGPR (50% + 5 kg/ha); T8—NP + VC + PGPR (75% + 2.5 t/ha + 5 kg/ha); T9—NP + VC + PGPR (50% + 2.5 t/ha + 5 kg/ha); T10—NP + EC + PGPR (50% + 2.5 t/ha + 5 kg/ha); T11—NP + EC + PGPR (50% + 2.5 t/ha + 5 kg/ha); T12—NP + VC and EC (75% + 2.5 t/ha and 2.5 t/ha); T13—NP + VC and EC (50% + 2.5 t/ha and 2.5 t/ha); T14—NP + VC and EC + PGPR (75% + 2.5 t/ha and 2.5 t/ha + 5 kg/ha); T15—NP + VC and EC + PGPR (50% + 2.5 t/ha and 2.5 t/ha + 5 kg/ha) for two consecutive years. Seedlings of the cabbage cultivar were transplanted with a spacing of 45 × 30 cm, whereas the capsicum seedlings were transplanted with a spacing of 60 × 45 cm. The radish cultivar was sown directly in the field with a spacing of 30 × 7.5 cm. The yield and growth attributes of all three crops were notably impacted by the INM modules. The utilization of a combination of 75% of the recommended quantity of NP + VC and EC, along with PGPR, at a rate of 2.5 t/ha, during cabbage cultivation, led to a noteworthy rise in plant height, equatorial diameter, gross head weight, net head weight, and ultimately, the maximum head yield, as per the statistical analysis. In the case of capsicum, the treatment (T14) module demonstrated superior performance in terms of the major yielding components, namely, fruit size, fruit weight, and number of fruits per plant, resulting in the highest yield compared to the other modules, including RDFs. The cabbage exhibited high protein content and inorganic modules in terms of quality traits, whereas ascorbic acid and total soluble solids (TSSs) levels were high due to strong organic support across all three crops. Thus, it can be inferred that the integrated combination of 75% NP, VC, and EC at 2.5 t/ha, and PGPR, along with the basic application of the full recommended potash and farmyard manure (FYM), led to a reduction of 25% in fertilizers (NP), improved growth and yield, and higher annual net returns. Thus, this incorporation can be suggested as an economically efficient strategy for consistently attaining increased productivity with enhanced excellence.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The nutrient management modules affected yield and growth attributes of all three crops.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatat0 - Treatment
- INM modulese0
- Outcome
- yield and growth attributese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield and growth attributes of all three crops were notably impacted by the INM modules.”
t0“Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined nutrient treatment increased cabbage growth and head yield.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- 75% of the recommended quantity of NP + VC and EC, along with PGPR, at a rate of 2.5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- plant height, equatorial diameter, gross head weighte0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The utilization of a combination of 75% of the recommended quantity of NP + VC and EC, along with PGPR, at a rate of 2.5 t/ha, during cabbage cultivation, led to a noteworthy rise in plant height, equatorial diameter, gross head weight, net head weight, and ultimately, the maximum head yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combined treatment gave maximum cabbage head yield.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- 75% of the recommended quantity of NP + VC and EC, along with PGPR, at a rate of 2.5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- maximum head yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The utilization of a combination of 75% of the recommended quantity of NP + VC and EC, along with PGPR, at a rate of 2.5 t/ha, during cabbage cultivation, led to a noteworthy rise in plant height, equatorial diameter, gross head weight, net head weight, and ultimately, the maximum head yield”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 increased capsicum fruit size, weight and number of fruits relative to other modules.
- Treatment
- T14e0
- Outcome
- fruit size, fruit weight, and number of fruits per plante0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- other modules, including RDFse0
CapsicumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment (T14) module demonstrated superior performance in terms of the major yielding components, namely, fruit size, fruit weight, and number of fruits per plant, resulting in the highest yield compared to the other modules, including RDFs.”
t0“Capsicum”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 produced the highest capsicum yield relative to the other modules.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment (T14) module demonstrated superior performance in terms of the major yielding components, namely, fruit size, fruit weight, and number of fruits per plant, resulting in the highest yield compared to the other modules, including RDFs.”
t0“Capsicum”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage had high protein content under inorganic modules.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- inorganic modulese0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cabbage exhibited high protein content and inorganic modules in terms of quality traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong organic support raised ascorbic acid and soluble solids across the crops.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- strong organic supporte0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid and total soluble solids (TSSs) levelse0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ascorbic acid and total soluble solids (TSSs) levels were high due to strong organic support across all three crops”
t0“Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated combination reduced NP fertilizer use by 25%.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Outcome
- fertilizers (NP)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“led to a reduction of 25% in fertilizers (NP), improved growth and yield, and higher annual net returns”
t0“Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated combination improved growth and yield and raised annual net returns.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved growth and yield, and higher annual net returns”
t0“Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the integrated nutrient treatment for sustained productivity and quality.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Outcome
- economically efficient strategy for consistently attaining increased productivity with enhanced excellencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this incorporation can be suggested as an economically efficient strategy for consistently attaining increased productivity with enhanced excellence.”
t0“Cabbage”
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