Abstract
Introduction Environmental temperature and nitrogen (N) fertilizer are two important factors affecting the sugar and organic acid content of tomato fruit. N is an essential nutrient element for plant growth and development, and plays a key role in regulating plant growth, fruit quality and stress response. However, the comparative effect of different N fertilizer levels on the accumulation of soluble sugar and organic acid in tomato young fruit under high temperature stress and its mechanism are still unknown. Methods Three N fertilizer levels (N1, N2, N3) combined with two temperatures (28/18°C, CK; 35/25°C, HT) were used to study the effects of N fertilizer, HT and their interaction on the soluble sugar and organic acid components, content, metabolic enzyme activity and the expression level of key genes in tomato young fruit, revealing how N fertilizer affects the sugar and organic acid metabolism of tomato young fruit under HT at physiological and molecular levels. Results The content of soluble sugar and organic acid in tomato young fruit under HT exposure was increased by appropriate N fertilizer (N1) treatment, which was due to the accumulation of glucose, fructose, citric acid and malic acid. High N (N3) and HT exposure had a negative impact on soluble sugar and reduce sugar accumulation. Further studies showed that due to the up-regulation of the expression of sucrose metabolizing enzyme genes ( CWINV2, HK2, SPS, PK ) and sucrose transporter ( SUT1, SUT4, SWEETs ) in tomato, N fertilizer increased the accumulation of soluble sugar by improving the sucrose metabolism, absorption intensity and sucrose transport of fruit under HT exposure. Due to the increase of PEPC gene expression, N fertilizer increased the accumulation of citric acid and malic acid by improving the TCA cycle of fruit under HT exposure. Discussion Nitrogen fertilizer can improve the heat tolerance of tomato young fruits by improving sugar metabolism under HT exposure. The results can provide theoretical support for the correct application of N fertilizer to improve the quality of tomato fruit under HT exposure.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate N1 fertilizer increased soluble sugar in young tomato fruit under heat.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- appropriate N fertilizer (N1) treatmente0
- Outcome
- soluble sugare0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of soluble sugar and organic acid in tomato young fruit under HT exposure was increased by appropriate N fertilizer (N1) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate N1 fertilizer increased organic acid in young tomato fruit under heat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- appropriate N fertilizer (N1) treatmente0
- Outcome
- organic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of soluble sugar and organic acid in tomato young fruit under HT exposure was increased by appropriate N fertilizer (N1) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose, fructose and citric acid accumulated with the N1 response.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- accumulation of glucose, fructose, citric acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was due to the accumulation of glucose, fructose, citric acid and malic acid.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Malic acid accumulated with the N1 response.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- malic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was due to the accumulation of glucose, fructose, citric acid and malic acid.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High N3 fertilizer and heat negatively affected soluble sugar accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- High N (N3) and HT exposuree0
- Outcome
- soluble sugare0
- Direction
- negative impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N (N3) and HT exposure had a negative impact on soluble sugar and reduce sugar accumulation.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High N3 fertilizer and heat negatively affected reducing sugar accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- High N (N3) and HT exposuree0
- Outcome
- reduce sugar accumulatione0
- Direction
- negative impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N (N3) and HT exposure had a negative impact on soluble sugar and reduce sugar accumulation.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilizer upregulated sucrose metabolism genes and transporters in tomato under heat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- CWINV2, HK2, SPS, PKe0
- Outcome
- up-regulation of the expression of sucrose metabolizing enzyme genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to the up-regulation of the expression of sucrose metabolizing enzyme genes ( CWINV2, HK2, SPS, PK ) and sucrose transporter ( SUT1, SUT4, SWEETs ) in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilizer increased soluble sugar by improving sucrose metabolism, absorption and transport under heat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- accumulation of soluble sugare0
- Qualifier
- improving the sucrose metabolism, absorption intensity and sucrose transporte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilizer increased the accumulation of soluble sugar by improving the sucrose metabolism, absorption intensity and sucrose transport of fruit under HT exposure.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilizer increased PEPC gene expression in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- PEPCe0
- Outcome
- PEPC gene expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Due to the increase of PEPC gene expression, N fertilizer increased the accumulation of citric acid and malic acid by improving the TCA cycle of fruit under HT exposure.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilizer increased citric and malic acid accumulation through improved TCA cycle under heat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- accumulation of citric acid and malic acide0
- Qualifier
- improving the TCA cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilizer increased the accumulation of citric acid and malic acid by improving the TCA cycle of fruit under HT exposure.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude nitrogen fertilizer can improve heat tolerance of young tomato fruit through sugar metabolism.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- heat tolerance of tomato young fruitse0
- Qualifier
- improving sugar metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilizer can improve the heat tolerance of tomato young fruits by improving sugar metabolism under HT exposure.”
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