Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the agricultural season 2021-2022 in one of the agricultural fields in the Muqdadiya, Al-Harouniya district, located 40 km northeast of the Baquba district of Diyala governorate. The agrarian soil was classified as silty clay (Soil Survey Staff, 2006). It is located at a longitude of 53° 34’ N and latitude of 56° 04° 45° S. The experiment aimed to study the effect of adding chemical and organic fertilizers and spraying seaweed extracts on NPKS concentrations and cauliflower yield. The investigation included three factors: adding organic fertilizer (buffalo waste) at three levels (0, 5 and 10)% of the terrace’s size, symbolized by M1, M2 and 3M, respectively. It was added at a depth of 0-30 cm a month before planting the seedlings in the field. The second factor was the addition of NPK compound chemical fertilizer (20:20:20) at two levels (0 and the full fertilizer recommendation is 300 kg H-1 when planted as a feed) and symbolized by 1 C and 2 C, respectively. The third factor is spraying seaweed extract with three levels (0, 2 and 4) ml L-1 illustrated by A1, A2 and according to an RCBD randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment results showed that adding organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the head’s weight, reaching 1.611 kg. The results of the experiment showed that the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1, the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%. The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%, and the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%; chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%, in the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48% and an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26% and an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %, spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1, nitrogen concentration in leaves 803% and potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%.As for the triple interaction .Keywords: chemical fertilization, organic fertilization, seaweed extracts, cauliflower.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer at 10% significantly increased cauliflower head weight to 1.611 kg plant-1.
- Taxon
- cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytist0 - Treatment
- organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace)e0
- Outcome
- weight of the heade0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.611 kg plant-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
With 10% organic fertilizer, fruit sulfur concentration was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace)e1
- Outcome
- sulfur concentration in the fruitse0
- Value
- 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1”
e1“The results of the experiment showed that the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1, the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%. The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%, and the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%; chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%, in the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48% and an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26% and an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %, spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1, nitrogen concentration in leaves 803% and potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%.As for the triple interaction .”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
With 10% organic fertilizer, leaf nitrogen concentration was 4.68%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace)e1
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentration in the leavese0
- Value
- 4.68%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%”
e1“The results of the experiment showed that the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1, the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%. The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%, and the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%; chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%, in the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48% and an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26% and an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %, spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1, nitrogen concentration in leaves 803% and potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%.As for the triple interaction .”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
With 10% organic fertilizer, leaf phosphorus concentration was 25%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace)e1
- Outcome
- phosphorous concentration in the leavese0
- Value
- 25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%”
e1“The results of the experiment showed that the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1, the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%. The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%, and the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%; chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%, in the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48% and an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26% and an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %, spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1, nitrogen concentration in leaves 803% and potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%.As for the triple interaction .”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
With 10% organic fertilizer, leaf potassium concentration was 2.05%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace)e1
- Outcome
- potassium concentration in the leavese0
- Value
- 2.05%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%”
e1“The results of the experiment showed that the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1, the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%. The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%, and the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%; chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%, in the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48% and an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26% and an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %, spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1, nitrogen concentration in leaves 803% and potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%.As for the triple interaction .”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilization was reported to increase cauliflower head weight from 1.385 kg Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- head weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1,108 kg Plant-1e0
- Qualifier
- 1.385 kg. Plant-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilization was reported to increase fruit sulfur concentration from 2.00% to 1.53%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- sulfur concentrations in fruitse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.53%e0
- Qualifier
- 2.00%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%”
e1“The results of the experiment showed that the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1, the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%. The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%, and the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%; chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%, in the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48% and an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26% and an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %, spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1, nitrogen concentration in leaves 803% and potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%.As for the triple interaction .”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilization was reported to increase leaf nitrogen concentration from 4.60% to 3.48%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentration in the leavese0
- Value
- 3.48%e0
- Qualifier
- 4.60%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48%”
e1“The results of the experiment showed that the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1, the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%. The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%, and the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%; chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%, in the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48% and an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26% and an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %, spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1, nitrogen concentration in leaves 803% and potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%.As for the triple interaction .”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilization was reported to increase leaf phosphorus concentration from 0.37% to 0.26%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- phosphorous concentration in the leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.26%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.37%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26%”
e1“The results of the experiment showed that the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1, the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%. The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%, and the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%; chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%, in the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48% and an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26% and an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %, spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1, nitrogen concentration in leaves 803% and potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%.As for the triple interaction .”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilization was reported to increase leaf potassium concentration from 2.78% to 2.27%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- potassium concentration in the leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2.27 %e0
- Qualifier
- 2.78%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %”
e1“The results of the experiment showed that the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1, the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%. The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%, and the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%; chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%, in the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48% and an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26% and an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %, spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1, nitrogen concentration in leaves 803% and potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%.As for the triple interaction .”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract at 4 mmol. L-1 significantly increased head weight to 1.282 kg. Plant-1.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1e0
- Outcome
- head weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.282 kg. Plant-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
With seaweed extract, leaf nitrogen concentration was reported as 803%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1e1
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentration in leavese0
- Value
- 803%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen concentration in leaves 803%”
e1“The results of the experiment showed that the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1, the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%. The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%, and the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%; chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%, in the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48% and an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26% and an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %, spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1, nitrogen concentration in leaves 803% and potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%.As for the triple interaction .”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
With seaweed extract, leaf potassium concentration was 2.58%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1e1
- Outcome
- potassium concentration in leavese0
- Value
- 2.58%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%”
e1“The results of the experiment showed that the addition of organic fertilizer (10% of the size of the terrace) led to a significant increase in the weight of the head, as it reached 1.611 kg plant-1, the sulfur concentration in the fruits was 2.00 mg sulfur kg-1, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves was 4.68%. The phosphorous concentration in the leaves was 25%, and the potassium concentration in the leaves was 2.05%; chemical fertilization also increased head weight from 1.385 kg. Plant-1 to 1,108 kg Plant-1.There was an increase in each of the sulfur concentrations in fruits from 2.00% to 1.53%, in the nitrogen concentration in the leaves from 4.60% to 3.48% and an increase in the phosphorous concentration in the leaves from 0.37% to 0.26% and an increase in the potassium concentration in the leaves from 2.78% to 2.27 %, spraying seaweed extracts at a concentration of 4 mmol. L-1 led to a significant increase in head weight, which reached 1.282 kg. Plant-1, nitrogen concentration in leaves 803% and potassium concentration in leaves 2.58%.As for the triple interaction .”
t0“cauliflower”
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