Abstract
Climate change has challenged large-scale crop production at a global level. Global temperature increases, water scarcity, and a further reduction in cultivable land resources due to anthropogenic impacts have resulted in the need to redesign agricultural systems such as intercropping to maximize the efficient use of natural resources. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent an underexplored area, not only in terms of an alternative to the heavy use of chemical fertilizers, but also as a natural resource used to enhance physiological processes and mitigate the variations in biotic and abiotic factors in plants. On the other hand, the combined use of AMF with suitable but cheaper and environmentally friendly growth substrates is another way to maximize crop production. A study was carried out in a tomato and onion intercropped pattern system to analyze the above- and belowground implications of two AMF commercial products containing Rhizophagus irregularis, propagated in soil and with an in vitro technique addition, with two different mixed growth substrates (river sand and compost) under greenhouse conditions. Overall, both AMF products overall showed significant promoting effects on plant growth (15–30%) and root parameters (50%) in the tomato and onion plants on the sand-mixed substrate. Moreover, the soil-propagated AMF also showed significant positive effects on chlorophyll content (35%), photosynthetic activity, and the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients, especially the Fe and Mn contents (60–80%) in the tomato plants. We present evidence of the benefits to plant performance due to the interactive effects between AMF and the growth substrate, and these positive effects might be due to the intercropping system. Hence, soil-propagated Rhizophagus irregularis is represented here as a promising candidate for enhancing growth, sustainability, and productivity under greenhouse conditions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Both AMF products promoted tomato and onion growth by 15–30% on sand-mixed substrate.
- Taxon
- tomato and onion plants
Solanum lycopersicum
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- both AMF productse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- promotinge0
- Value
- 15–30%e0
- Setting
- sand-mixed substratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both AMF products overall showed significant promoting effects on plant growth (15–30%) and root parameters (50%) in the tomato and onion plants on the sand-mixed substrate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Both AMF products promoted tomato and onion root parameters by 50% on sand-mixed substrate.
- Taxon
- tomato and onion plantsSolanum lycopersicumAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- both AMF productse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root parameterse0
- Direction
- promotinge0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Setting
- sand-mixed substratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both AMF products overall showed significant promoting effects on plant growth (15–30%) and root parameters (50%) in the tomato and onion plants on the sand-mixed substrate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-propagated AMF increased tomato chlorophyll content by 35%.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- soil-propagated AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
- Value
- 35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil-propagated AMF also showed significant positive effects on chlorophyll content (35%), photosynthetic activity, and the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients, especially the Fe and Mn contents (60–80%) in the tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-propagated AMF improved tomato photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- soil-propagated AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil-propagated AMF also showed significant positive effects on chlorophyll content (35%), photosynthetic activity, and the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients, especially the Fe and Mn contents (60–80%) in the tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-propagated AMF increased Fe and Mn contents by 60–80% in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- soil-propagated AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Fe and Mn contentse0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
- Value
- 60–80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil-propagated AMF also showed significant positive effects on chlorophyll content (35%), photosynthetic activity, and the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients, especially the Fe and Mn contents (60–80%) in the tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-propagated AMF increased other macro- and micronutrient accumulation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- soil-propagated AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- accumulation of macro- and micronutrientse0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil-propagated AMF also showed significant positive effects on chlorophyll content (35%), photosynthetic activity, and the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients, especially the Fe and Mn contents (60–80%) in the tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify soil-propagated Rhizophagus irregularis as promising for greenhouse growth and productivity.
- Taxon
- Rhizophagus irregularis
Rhizophagus irregularise0 - Outcome
- enhancing growth, sustainability, and productivitye0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil-propagated Rhizophagus irregularis is represented here as a promising candidate for enhancing growth, sustainability, and productivity under greenhouse conditions.”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →mycorrhiza · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →mycorrhiza · physiology: pigments · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →mycorrhiza · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →mycorrhiza · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
43 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →mycorrhiza · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
126 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
140 papers more in this group
See all 144 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.