Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2019–20, at research farm of the Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar, Afghanistan, in randomized complete-block design to find out the effect of zinc on growth, yield and yield-attributing characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Results revealed that, plant height (100.3 cm), number of tillers/m2 [346 at 60 days after sowing (DAS) and 576 at 90 DAS], leaf-area index (1.98), dry-matter production (291 g/m2 ), number of spikes/m2 (319), spikelets/spike (20.7), grains/spike (51.1) and 1,000-grain weight (52.2 g) obtained with the application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4 , were significantly higher over rest of the treatments. Grain yield (4.09 tonnes/ha), straw yield (6.39 tonne/ha), biological yields (10.2 tonne/ha) and harvest index (40%) too were recorded higher under the application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4. Gross returns (147.23 × 103 `/ha), net returns (103.39 × 103 `/ha) and benefit: cost ratios (3.19) were also higher with the application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4 . Overall, the soil application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal through ZnSO4 + 2 foliar sprays of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% was best in terms of growth, yield and profitability of wheat.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment produced significantly higher plant height, 100.3 cm, than other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 100.3 cme0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height (100.3 cm)”
e1“2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4 , were significantly higher over rest of the treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment produced significantly more tillers at 60 days after sowing, 346/m2, than other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- number of tillers/m2e0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 346e0
- Qualifier
- 60 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of tillers/m2 [346 at 60 days after sowing (DAS) and 576 at 90 DAS]”
e1“2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4 , were significantly higher over rest of the treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment produced significantly more tillers at 90 DAS, 576/m2, than other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- number of tillers/m2e0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 576e0
- Qualifier
- 90 DASe0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of tillers/m2 [346 at 60 days after sowing (DAS) and 576 at 90 DAS]”
e1“2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4 , were significantly higher over rest of the treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment produced a significantly higher leaf-area index of 1.98.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- leaf-area indexe0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 1.98e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf-area index (1.98)”
e1“2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4 , were significantly higher over rest of the treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment produced significantly higher dry matter production of 291 g/m2.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- dry-matter productione0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 291 g/m2e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry-matter production (291 g/m2 )”
e1“2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4 , were significantly higher over rest of the treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment produced significantly more spikes per m2, 319.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- number of spikes/m2e0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 319e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of spikes/m2 (319)”
e1“2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4 , were significantly higher over rest of the treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment produced significantly more spikelets per spike, 20.7.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- spikelets/spikee0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 20.7e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spikelets/spike (20.7)”
e1“2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4 , were significantly higher over rest of the treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment produced significantly more grains per spike, 51.1.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- grains/spikee0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 51.1e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grains/spike (51.1)”
e1“2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4 , were significantly higher over rest of the treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment produced significantly higher 1,000-grain weight of 52.2 g.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- 1,000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 52.2 ge0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1,000-grain weight (52.2 g)”
e1“2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4 , were significantly higher over rest of the treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment gave higher grain yield of 4.09 tonnes/ha.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 4.09 tonnes/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield (4.09 tonnes/ha)”
e1“recorded higher under the application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment gave higher straw yield of 6.39 tonne/ha.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 6.39 tonne/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw yield (6.39 tonne/ha)”
e1“recorded higher under the application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment gave higher biological yield of 10.2 tonne/ha.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- biological yieldse0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 10.2 tonne/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biological yields (10.2 tonne/ha)”
e1“recorded higher under the application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment gave a higher harvest index of 40%.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“harvest index (40%)”
e1“recorded higher under the application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment gave higher gross returns of 147.23 × 103 `/ha.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- Gross returnse0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 147.23 × 103 `/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gross returns (147.23 × 103 `/ha)”
e1“were also higher with the application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment gave higher net returns of 103.39 × 103 `/ha.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 103.39 × 103 `/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net returns (103.39 × 103 `/ha)”
e1“were also higher with the application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc treatment gave a higher benefit to cost ratio of 3.19.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratiose0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 3.19e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“benefit: cost ratios (3.19)”
e1“were also higher with the application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal + 2 foliar sprays @ 0.5% through ZnSO4”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged basal zinc plus two foliar sprays the best practice for wheat growth, yield and profitability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- soil application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal through ZnSO4 + 2 foliar sprays of ZnSO4 @ 0.5%e0
- Outcome
- growth, yield and profitabilitye0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, the soil application of 2.5 kg Zn/ha as basal through ZnSO4 + 2 foliar sprays of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% was best in terms of growth, yield and profitability of wheat”
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