Abstract
The amelioration of Na toxicity by supplementation of Ca in the growth medium was investigated in wheat with the aims of (1) identifying the Ca-dependent processes that determine the growth responses and (2) defining the limits to Ca effects on these processes. Growth of wheat seedlings was strongly inhibited by 150 mM NaCl but improved as the Ca concentration in the nutrient medium was increased up to 2.34 mM. Further increasing Ca to 10 mM did not increase growth, nor did foliar application of Ca. Even at high concentrations of Ca, the maximum growth was only approximately 50% of the growth at low salinity. We conclude that the main component of improved growth caused by Ca was via its apoplastic effects on the transport of Na and K across the root plasma membrane, rather than by increasing root or shoot Ca concentrations. There was no evidence that high salinity inhibited Ca uptake to the shoot. The limits to improvement of growth by Ca appear to relate to the fact that, although Ca is able to ameliorate the toxicity caused by high intracellular Na, it is not able to overcome the osmotic deficits associated with high salinity.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
150 mM NaCl strongly inhibited wheat seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- 150 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- Growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of wheat seedlings was strongly inhibited by 150 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing calcium in the nutrient medium up to 2.34 mM improved wheat seedling growth under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- Ca concentration in the nutrient medium was increased up to 2.34 mMe0
- Outcome
- Growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- 150 mM NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of wheat seedlings was strongly inhibited by 150 mM NaCl but improved as the Ca concentration in the nutrient medium was increased up to 2.34 mM.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing calcium to 10 mM did not further increase growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing Ca to 10 mMe1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- did not increasee1
- Comparator
- 2.34 mMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of wheat seedlings was strongly inhibited by 150 mM NaCl but improved as the Ca concentration in the nutrient medium was increased up to 2.34 mM.”
e1“Further increasing Ca to 10 mM did not increase growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium application did not increase growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Cae1
- Outcome
- Growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of wheat seedlings was strongly inhibited by 150 mM NaCl”
e1“nor did foliar application of Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum growth at high calcium was approximately half that at low salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- maximum growthe1
- Direction
- onlye1
- Value
- approximately 50%e1
- Comparator
- growth at low salinitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amelioration of Na toxicity by supplementation of Ca in the growth medium was investigated in wheat”
e1“Even at high concentrations of Ca, the maximum growth was only approximately 50% of the growth at low salinity.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute calcium-associated growth improvement mainly to apoplastic effects on sodium and potassium transport across the root plasma membrane.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Compound
- Na and Ke1
- Outcome
- improved growthe1
- Qualifier
- apoplastic effects on the transport of Na and K across the root plasma membranee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amelioration of Na toxicity by supplementation of Ca in the growth medium was investigated in wheat”
e1“the main component of improved growth caused by Ca was via its apoplastic effects on the transport of Na and K across the root plasma membrane, rather than by increasing root or shoot Ca concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity did not show evidence of inhibiting calcium uptake to the shoot.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- high salinitye1
- Outcome
- Ca uptake to the shoote1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amelioration of Na toxicity by supplementation of Ca in the growth medium was investigated in wheat”
e1“There was no evidence that high salinity inhibited Ca uptake to the shoot.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that calcium ameliorates high intracellular sodium toxicity but cannot overcome high-salinity osmotic deficits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- Cae1
- Outcome
- osmotic deficits associated with high salinitye1
- Qualifier
- toxicity caused by high intracellular Nae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amelioration of Na toxicity by supplementation of Ca in the growth medium was investigated in wheat”
e1“although Ca is able to ameliorate the toxicity caused by high intracellular Na, it is not able to overcome the osmotic deficits associated with high salinity.”
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See all 307 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.