Abstract
Abstract Drought is one of the major constraints of wheat production, especially in rainfed wheat production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different silicon fertilizer formulations on the agronomic performance of diverse wheat genotypes under drought‐stressed conditions. Twenty wheat genotypes were evaluated in field and greenhouse environments under non‐stressed and drought‐stressed and two silicon fertilizer formulations (granular and liquid potassium silicate) and untreated control. The four‐way interaction involving genotype, environment, water regime and silicon formulation had a significant effect ( p < .05) for aboveground biomass, productive spike number, hundred seed weight and grain yield. Granular silicon application was the most effective treatment both under non‐stressed and drought‐stressed conditions compared to the liquid and control treatments. Under field and drought conditions, the highest yielding genotype was MC18, which exhibited a mean grain yield of 4.17 t ha −1 with granular silicon, 2.56 t ha −1 with liquid silicon and 2.18 t ha −1 without silicon. The yield of genotype MC18 improved by 91.3% using granular silicon under drought‐stressed and by 44.6% under non‐stressed conditions compared with the untreated control. Granular silicon positively affected the drought stress tolerance indices compared to the liquid silicon and untreated control. The principal component biplot analysis revealed that liquid and granular silicon positively impact yield response for all test genotypes under drought‐stressed and non‐stressed conditions compared with the control. Silicon application reduced genotype variation for agronomic traits and enhanced agronomic trait relationships under drought‐stressed conditions. Drought stress tolerance indices are influenced by silicon application. The effect of silicon has a direct and indirect effect on yield and yield components. Silicon fertilization can be considered as a mitigation measure to cope with the adverse effect of drought stress on wheat.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Granular silicon was the most effective treatment under non-stressed and drought-stressed conditions
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Granular silicon applicatione2
- Outcome
- most effective treatmente2
- Direction
- most effectivee2
- Comparator
- liquid and control treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e2“Granular silicon application was the most effective treatment”
e3“compared to the liquid and control treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The four-way interaction significantly affected aboveground biomass, productive spike number and hundred seed weight
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomass, productive spike number, hundred seed weighte1
- Qualifier
- p < .05e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“had a significant effect ( p < .05) for aboveground biomass, productive spike number, hundred seed weight and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The four-way interaction significantly affected grain yield
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Qualifier
- p < .05e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“had a significant effect ( p < .05) for aboveground biomass, productive spike number, hundred seed weight and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
MC18 with granular silicon gave a mean grain yield of 4.17 t ha −1 under field and drought conditions
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- MC18e4
- Treatment
- granular silicone4
- Outcome
- mean grain yielde4
- Value
- 4.17 t ha −1e4
- Setting
- field and drought conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e4“Under field and drought conditions, the highest yielding genotype was MC18, which exhibited a mean grain yield of 4.17 t ha −1 with granular silicon”
Claim · model-written summary
MC18 with liquid silicon gave a mean grain yield of 2.56 t ha −1 under field and drought conditions
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- MC18e4
- Treatment
- liquid silicone5
- Outcome
- mean grain yielde4
- Value
- 2.56 t ha −1e5
- Setting
- field and drought conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e4“Under field and drought conditions, the highest yielding genotype was MC18, which exhibited a mean grain yield of 4.17 t ha −1 with granular silicon”
e5“2.56 t ha −1 with liquid silicon and 2.18 t ha −1 without silicon”
Claim · model-written summary
MC18 without silicon gave a mean grain yield of 2.18 t ha −1 under field and drought conditions
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- MC18e4
- Treatment
- without silicone5
- Outcome
- mean grain yielde4
- Value
- 2.18 t ha −1e5
- Setting
- field and drought conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e4“Under field and drought conditions, the highest yielding genotype was MC18, which exhibited a mean grain yield of 4.17 t ha −1 with granular silicon”
e5“2.56 t ha −1 with liquid silicon and 2.18 t ha −1 without silicon”
Claim · model-written summary
Granular silicon improved MC18 yield by 91.3% under drought compared with untreated control
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- MC18e6
- Treatment
- granular silicone6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Value
- 91.3%e6
- Comparator
- untreated controle7
- Setting
- droughte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e6“The yield of genotype MC18 improved by 91.3% using granular silicon under drought”
e7“compared with the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Granular silicon improved MC18 yield by 44.6% under non-stressed conditions compared with untreated control
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- MC18e6
- Treatment
- granular silicone6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Value
- 44.6%e7
- Comparator
- untreated controle7
- Setting
- non‐stressed conditionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e6“The yield of genotype MC18 improved by 91.3% using granular silicon under drought”
e7“by 44.6% under non‐stressed conditions compared with the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Granular silicon positively affected drought stress tolerance indices compared with liquid silicon and untreated control
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Granular silicone1
- Outcome
- drought stress tolerance indicese1
- Direction
- positively affectede1
- Comparator
- liquid silicon and untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“Granular silicon positively affected the drought stress tolerance indices compared to the liquid silicon and untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid and granular silicon positively impacted yield response compared with control
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- liquid and granular silicone1
- Outcome
- yield responsee1
- Direction
- positively impacte1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“liquid and granular silicon positively impact yield response for all test genotypes”
e2“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon application reduced genotype variation for agronomic traits
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Silicon applicatione1
- Outcome
- genotype variation for agronomic traitse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“Silicon application reduced genotype variation for agronomic traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon application enhanced agronomic trait relationships under drought
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Silicon applicatione1
- Outcome
- agronomic trait relationshipse2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“Silicon application reduced genotype variation for agronomic traits”
e2“enhanced agronomic trait relationships”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon has direct and indirect effects on yield and yield components
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- silicone1
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“The effect of silicon has a direct and indirect effect on yield and yield components”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon fertilization is a mitigation measure against the adverse effect of drought stress on wheat
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Silicon fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- mitigation measuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon fertilization can be considered as a mitigation measure to cope with the adverse effect of drought stress on wheat”
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