Abstract
Silicon has the potential to improve drought tolerance in crops. Seeds primed with silicon were used in the present study to explore its potential benefit to withstand water stress. Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50, were sown in pots after priming with distilled water and different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) of silicon sources (silicic acid, sodium silicate and silica gel) at PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi. Maximum silicon uptake at three-leaf stage (0.028 µg g−1 dry weight (DW)), anthesis (0.072 µg g−1 DW) and maturity (0.103 µg g−1 DW) was recorded for silica gel. Silicon uptake increased significantly in response to increase in Si concentration from 0.5% to 1.5%. Leaf membrane stability index, epicuticular wax, relative water content and proline remained maximum – 78.90%, 2.6 mg g−1 DW, 83.88% and 54.90 µg g−1 – for silica gel treatments compared with others. Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentration resulted in maximum spike length (14.3 cm), biological yield (7.63 g pot−1), hundred-grain weight (3.97 g pot−1) and grain yield (2.46 g pot−1). Based on the study outcomes, it is concluded that silica gel might be a good priming option with 1.5% silicon concentration to establish plant under drought stress.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel gave maximum silicon uptake of wheat at the three-leaf stage (0.028 µg g−1 DW).
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume5 - Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Organ / stage
- three-leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- silica gele0
- Outcome
- silicon uptakee0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 0.028 µg g−1 dry weight (DW)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum silicon uptake at three-leaf stage (0.028 µg g−1 dry weight (DW)), anthesis (0.072 µg g−1 DW) and maturity (0.103 µg g−1 DW) was recorded for silica gel”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel gave maximum silicon uptake of wheat at anthesis (0.072 µg g−1 DW).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Organ / stage
- anthesise0
- Treatment
- silica gele0
- Outcome
- silicon uptakee0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 0.072 µg g−1 DWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum silicon uptake at three-leaf stage (0.028 µg g−1 dry weight (DW)), anthesis (0.072 µg g−1 DW) and maturity (0.103 µg g−1 DW) was recorded for silica gel”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel gave maximum silicon uptake of wheat at maturity (0.103 µg g−1 DW).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Organ / stage
- maturitye0
- Treatment
- silica gele0
- Outcome
- silicon uptakee0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 0.103 µg g−1 DWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum silicon uptake at three-leaf stage (0.028 µg g−1 dry weight (DW)), anthesis (0.072 µg g−1 DW) and maturity (0.103 µg g−1 DW) was recorded for silica gel”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Si concentration from 0.5% to 1.5% significantly increased silicon uptake of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Treatment
- Si concentratione1
- Outcome
- Silicon uptakee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- 0.5%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Silicon uptake increased significantly in response to increase in Si concentration from 0.5% to 1.5%”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel treatments kept the leaf membrane stability index of wheat at its maximum (78.90%) compared with others.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Treatment
- silica gel treatmentse2
- Outcome
- Leaf membrane stability indexe2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 78.90%e2
- Comparator
- otherse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Leaf membrane stability index, epicuticular wax, relative water content and proline remained maximum – 78.90%, 2.6 mg g−1 DW, 83.88% and 54.90 µg g−1 – for silica gel treatments compared with others”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel treatments kept epicuticular wax of wheat at its maximum (2.6 mg g−1 DW) compared with others.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Treatment
- silica gel treatmentse2
- Outcome
- epicuticular waxe2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 2.6 mg g−1 DWe2
- Comparator
- otherse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Leaf membrane stability index, epicuticular wax, relative water content and proline remained maximum – 78.90%, 2.6 mg g−1 DW, 83.88% and 54.90 µg g−1 – for silica gel treatments compared with others”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel treatments kept relative water content of wheat at its maximum (83.88%) compared with others.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Treatment
- silica gel treatmentse2
- Outcome
- relative water contente2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 83.88%e2
- Comparator
- otherse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Leaf membrane stability index, epicuticular wax, relative water content and proline remained maximum – 78.90%, 2.6 mg g−1 DW, 83.88% and 54.90 µg g−1 – for silica gel treatments compared with others”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel treatments kept proline of wheat at its maximum (54.90 µg g−1) compared with others.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Treatment
- silica gel treatmentse2
- Outcome
- prolinee2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 54.90 µg g−1e2
- Comparator
- otherse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Leaf membrane stability index, epicuticular wax, relative water content and proline remained maximum – 78.90%, 2.6 mg g−1 DW, 83.88% and 54.90 µg g−1 – for silica gel treatments compared with others”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentration gave maximum spike length of wheat (14.3 cm).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Treatment
- Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentratione3
- Outcome
- spike lengthe3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 14.3 cme3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentration resulted in maximum spike length (14.3 cm), biological yield (7.63 g pot−1), hundred-grain weight (3.97 g pot−1) and grain yield (2.46 g pot−1)”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentration gave maximum biological yield of wheat (7.63 g pot−1).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Treatment
- Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentratione3
- Outcome
- biological yielde3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 7.63 g pot−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentration resulted in maximum spike length (14.3 cm), biological yield (7.63 g pot−1), hundred-grain weight (3.97 g pot−1) and grain yield (2.46 g pot−1)”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentration gave maximum hundred-grain weight of wheat (3.97 g pot−1).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Treatment
- Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentratione3
- Outcome
- hundred-grain weighte3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 3.97 g pot−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentration resulted in maximum spike length (14.3 cm), biological yield (7.63 g pot−1), hundred-grain weight (3.97 g pot−1) and grain yield (2.46 g pot−1)”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentration gave maximum grain yield of wheat (2.46 g pot−1).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Material
- NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50e5
- Treatment
- Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentratione3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 2.46 g pot−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentration resulted in maximum spike length (14.3 cm), biological yield (7.63 g pot−1), hundred-grain weight (3.97 g pot−1) and grain yield (2.46 g pot−1)”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentration is a good seed priming option for wheat under drought stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- silica gele4
- Outcome
- good priming optione4
- Qualifier
- 1.5% silicon concentratione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Based on the study outcomes, it is concluded that silica gel might be a good priming option with 1.5% silicon concentration to establish plant under drought stress”
e5“Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50”
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