Abstract
The phytopathogenic basidiomycetous fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, has a wide range of host plants including members of the family Poaceae, causing damping-off and root rot diseases. In this study, we biosynthesized spherical-shaped silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs; sized between 9.92 and 19.8 nm) using saffron extract and introduced them as a potential alternative therapeutic solution to protect wheat seedlings against R. solani. SiO2 NPs showed strong dose-dependent fungistatic activity on R. solani, and significantly reduced mycelial radial growth (up to 100% growth reduction), mycelium fresh and dry weight, and pre-, post-emergence damping-off, and root rot severities. Moreover, the impact of SiO2 NPs on the growth of wheat seedlings and their potential mechanism (s) for disease suppression was deciphered. SiO2 NPs application also improved the germination, vegetative growth, and vigor indexes of infected wheat seedlings which indicates no phytotoxicity on treated wheat seedlings. Moreover, SiO2 NPs enhanced the content of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), induced the accumulation of defense-related compounds (particularly salicylic acid), and alleviated the oxidative stress via stimulation of both enzymatic (POD, SOD, APX, CAT, and PPO) and non-enzymatic (phenolics and flavonoids) antioxidant defense machinery. Collectively, our findings demonstrated the potential therapeutic role of SiO2 NPs against R. solani infection via the simultaneous activation of a multilayered defense system to suppress the pathogen, neutralize the destructive effect of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and methylglyoxal, and maintain their homeostasis within R. solani-infected plants.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 NPs dose-dependently inhibited R. solani growth, reaching 100% radial growth reduction.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- SiO2 NPse0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial radial growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 100% growth reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“SiO2 NPs showed strong dose-dependent fungistatic activity on R. solani, and significantly reduced mycelial radial growth (up to 100% growth reduction), mycelium fresh and dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 NPs significantly reduced R. solani mycelium fresh and dry weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SiO2 NPse0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelium fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“SiO2 NPs showed strong dose-dependent fungistatic activity on R. solani, and significantly reduced mycelial radial growth (up to 100% growth reduction), mycelium fresh and dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 NPs significantly reduced pre-emergence damping-off and root rot severity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SiO2 NPse0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- pre-, post-emergence damping-off, and root rot severitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“SiO2 NPs showed strong dose-dependent fungistatic activity on R. solani, and significantly reduced mycelial radial growth (up to 100% growth reduction), mycelium fresh and dry weight, and pre-, post-emergence damping-off, and root rot severities”
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 NPs improved germination, vegetative growth, and vigor indexes of infected wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiO2 NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- germination, vegetative growth, and vigor indexese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SiO2 NPs application also improved the germination, vegetative growth, and vigor indexes of infected wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 NPs enhanced photosynthetic pigment content in infected wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SiO2 NPse0
- Outcome
- content of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“SiO2 NPs enhanced the content of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids)”
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 NPs induced accumulation of defense compounds, particularly salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SiO2 NPse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of defense-related compounds (particularly salicylic acid)e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“SiO2 NPs enhanced the content of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), induced the accumulation of defense-related compounds (particularly salicylic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 NPs alleviated oxidative stress and stimulated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SiO2 NPse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- stimulation of both enzymatic (POD, SOD, APX, CAT, and PPO) and non-enzymatic (phenolics and flavonoids) antioxidant defense machinerye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“SiO2 NPs enhanced the content of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), induced the accumulation of defense-related compounds (particularly salicylic acid), and alleviated the oxidative stress via stimulation of both enzymatic (POD, SOD, APX, CAT, and PPO) and non-enzymatic (phenolics and flavonoids) antioxidant defense machinery”
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