Abstract
Global wheat production faces growing threats from rising temperature and pathogen attacks under climate change. Here, we developed a nanoenabled seed priming strategy that simultaneously enhanced wheat thermotolerance and resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). Specifically, under heat shock stress (45 °C, 24 h), wheat seedlings that underwent AgSiO 2 NP (40 mg/L AgNPs + 40 mg/L SiO 2 NPs) seed priming exhibited reduced wilting symptoms, increased biomass (22.8%), improved water uptake, maintained cellular membrane integrity, and delayed protein/starch catabolism compared to the hydroprimed control. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) localization assays and RNA-seq analysis reveal that AgSiO 2 NP priming triggered ROS-mediated activation of “plant hormone signal transduction” and the “MAPK signaling pathway” in seeds. These molecular changes persisted into the seedling stage, establishing a primed state that enhanced seedlings’ heat resilience. AgSiO 2 NP-primed seedlings also showed enhanced resistance to Fusarium graminearum, even under hotter conditions (28 °C). Comparative transcriptomics of wheat seedlings pre- and postpathogen infection revealed that AgSiO 2 NP priming intensified defense-related pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction pathway, plant–pathogen interaction pathway, and specialized metabolite biosynthesis pathways, as compared to hydropriming, leading to robust immune activation and disease resistance during pathogen attack. We also demonstrate that an inexpensive ($0.5–2 per acre) and environmentally friendly alternative, CuO@SiO 2 nanoparticles, efficiently enhances the resistance of wheat seedlings to FHB. This study proposes a nontransgenic approach for engineering climate-resilient wheat, providing a sustainable strategy to address food insecurity exacerbated by climate change.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
AgSiO 2 NP priming reduced wheat seedling wilting under heat shock relative to hydropriming.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- AgSiO 2 NP (40 mg/L AgNPs + 40 mg/L SiO 2 NPs) seed priminge0
- Outcome
- wilting symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- heat shock stress (45 °C, 24 h)e0
- Comparator
- hydroprimed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“under heat shock stress (45 °C, 24 h), wheat seedlings that underwent AgSiO 2 NP (40 mg/L AgNPs + 40 mg/L SiO 2 NPs) seed priming exhibited reduced wilting symptoms, increased biomass (22.8%), improved water uptake, maintained cellular membrane integrity, and delayed protein/starch catabolism compared to the hydroprimed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased wheat seedling biomass by 22.8% under heat shock.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- AgSiO 2 NP (40 mg/L AgNPs + 40 mg/L SiO 2 NPs) seed priminge0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.8%e0
- Comparator
- hydroprimed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings that underwent AgSiO 2 NP (40 mg/L AgNPs + 40 mg/L SiO 2 NPs) seed priming exhibited reduced wilting symptoms, increased biomass (22.8%), improved water uptake, maintained cellular membrane integrity, and delayed protein/starch catabolism compared to the hydroprimed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming improved wheat seedling water uptake under heat shock.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- AgSiO 2 NP (40 mg/L AgNPs + 40 mg/L SiO 2 NPs) seed priminge0
- Outcome
- water uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- hydroprimed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings that underwent AgSiO 2 NP (40 mg/L AgNPs + 40 mg/L SiO 2 NPs) seed priming exhibited reduced wilting symptoms, increased biomass (22.8%), improved water uptake, maintained cellular membrane integrity, and delayed protein/starch catabolism compared to the hydroprimed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming maintained wheat seedling membrane integrity under heat shock.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- AgSiO 2 NP (40 mg/L AgNPs + 40 mg/L SiO 2 NPs) seed priminge0
- Outcome
- cellular membrane integritye0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Comparator
- hydroprimed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings that underwent AgSiO 2 NP (40 mg/L AgNPs + 40 mg/L SiO 2 NPs) seed priming exhibited reduced wilting symptoms, increased biomass (22.8%), improved water uptake, maintained cellular membrane integrity, and delayed protein/starch catabolism compared to the hydroprimed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming delayed wheat seedling protein and starch catabolism under heat shock.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- AgSiO 2 NP (40 mg/L AgNPs + 40 mg/L SiO 2 NPs) seed priminge0
- Outcome
- protein/starch catabolisme0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- hydroprimed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings that underwent AgSiO 2 NP (40 mg/L AgNPs + 40 mg/L SiO 2 NPs) seed priming exhibited reduced wilting symptoms, increased biomass (22.8%), improved water uptake, maintained cellular membrane integrity, and delayed protein/starch catabolism compared to the hydroprimed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming triggered ROS-mediated hormone and MAPK pathway activation in wheat seeds.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- AgSiO 2 NP priminge0
- Outcome
- activation of “plant hormone signal transduction” and the “MAPK signaling pathway”e0
- Qualifier
- ROS-mediatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“AgSiO 2 NP priming triggered ROS-mediated activation of “plant hormone signal transduction” and the “MAPK signaling pathway” in seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming enhanced wheat seedling resistance to Fusarium graminearum at 28 °C.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- AgSiO 2 NP-primede0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- resistance to Fusarium graminearume0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- hotter conditions (28 °C)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“AgSiO 2 NP-primed seedlings also showed enhanced resistance to Fusarium graminearum, even under hotter conditions (28 °C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming intensified wheat seedling defense pathways after pathogen infection relative to hydropriming.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- AgSiO 2 NP priminge0
- Outcome
- defense-related pathwayse0
- Direction
- intensifiede0
- Comparator
- hydropriminge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“AgSiO 2 NP priming intensified defense-related pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction pathway, plant–pathogen interaction pathway, and specialized metabolite biosynthesis pathways, as compared to hydropriming”
Claim · model-written summary
CuO@SiO 2 nanoparticles enhanced wheat seedling resistance to FHB.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CuO@SiO 2 nanoparticlese0
- Interactor
- FHBe0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance of wheat seedlings to FHBe0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CuO@SiO 2 nanoparticles, efficiently enhances the resistance of wheat seedlings to FHB”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.