Abstract
Abiotic stresses could have complex and diverse effects on the growth and development of forest trees. In this review, we summarized the responses of morphological, physiological and anatomical traits in woody plants to abiotic stresses, including drought, flood, extreme temperature, salinity, heavy metal, microplastics and combined stresses, especially from the xylem perspective. Under most abiotic stress, xylem hydraulic conductivity decreases, which is associated with leaf stomatal regulation and the inhibition of aquaporin (AQP) activity. Meanwhile, woody plants regulate the size and morphology of their roots and leaves to balance water absorption and transpiration. The anatomical traits are also altered, such as denser leaf stomata, narrower conduits and thicker cell walls. In addition, different stresses have unique effects, such as flood-induced adventitious roots and aeration tissues, forest fire-induced irreversible xylem damage, low temperature-induced tissue freezing, salt stress-induced hinderance of ion absorption and heavy metal-induced biological toxicity. Under stresses of drought, flooding and heavy metals, woody plants’ growth may occasionally be promoted. The effects of combined stress on the physiological, morphological and anatomical traits of woody plants are not simply additive, with the related mechanism to be further studied, especially in natural or near-natural conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Xylem hydraulic conductivity usually declines under abiotic stress.
Verbatim
e0“Under most abiotic stress, xylem hydraulic conductivity decreases”
t0“Woody Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The hydraulic decline is associated with stomatal regulation and aquaporin inhibition.
Verbatim
e0“xylem hydraulic conductivity decreases, which is associated with leaf stomatal regulation and the inhibition of aquaporin (AQP) activity.”
t0“Woody Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Woody plants adjust root and leaf size and morphology to balance water uptake and loss.
Verbatim
e0“woody plants regulate the size and morphology of their roots and leaves to balance water absorption and transpiration.”
t0“Woody Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Abiotic stress alters anatomy toward denser stomata, narrower conduits and thicker cell walls.
Verbatim
e0“The anatomical traits are also altered, such as denser leaf stomata, narrower conduits and thicker cell walls.”
t0“Woody Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding induces adventitious roots and aeration tissues.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“flood-induced adventitious roots and aeration tissues”
t0“Woody Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Forest fire causes irreversible xylem damage.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“forest fire-induced irreversible xylem damage”
t0“Woody Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature induces tissue freezing.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“low temperature-induced tissue freezing”
t0“Woody Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress hinders ion absorption.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress-induced hinderance of ion absorption”
t0“Woody Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metals induce biological toxicity.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“heavy metal-induced biological toxicity”
t0“Woody Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought, flooding and heavy metals can occasionally promote woody plant growth.
Verbatim
e0“Under stresses of drought, flooding and heavy metals, woody plants’ growth may occasionally be promoted.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress effects on woody plant traits are not simply additive.
- Taxon
- woody plantse0
- Treatment
- combined stresse0
- Outcome
- physiological, morphological and anatomical traitse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The effects of combined stress on the physiological, morphological and anatomical traits of woody plants are not simply additive”