Abstract
Abstract Germination and field emergence are delayed and their duration is prolonged due to the declining soil temperature during the spring season, which is reflected in the subsequent stages of crop growth, therefore, this study aimed to improve germination. Under a wide range of environmental conditions, a laboratory factorial experiment was carried out to study the effect of seed stimulation with potassium nitrate (distilled water only (0), 2, 4, and 6 mg L -1 ) and with an aqueous extract of licorice roots (distilled water only (0), 3, 6, and 9 g L -1 ) on the seed viability and vigor. The laboratory experiment was carried out according to the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four repetitions. The results showed the superiority of the interaction treatment between the two concentrations 6 gm L -1 and 6 mg L -1 for each of licorice root extract and potassium nitrate by giving the highest average of the final germination 99%, the seedling vigor index reached 3846, the germination percentage at accelerating age test of 75%, and the germination percentage at the cold test of 76%. We can conclude that there was a response to soaking the seeds in licorice root extract at specific concentrations, with a clear response to potassium nitrate, and the response could be better when soaking in potassium nitrate at concentrations higher than 6 mg L -1 . We also recommend that the soaking duration in any of the two factors is 18 hours to improve germination under a wide range of environmental conditions.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The combined licorice extract and potassium nitrate treatment gave the highest final germination of 99%.
- Treatment
- 6 gm L -1 and 6 mg L -1 for each of licorice root extract and potassium nitratee0
- Outcome
- final germinatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 99%e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed the superiority of the interaction treatment between the two concentrations 6 gm L -1 and 6 mg L -1 for each of licorice root extract and potassium nitrate by giving the highest average of the final germination 99%”
t0“Maize Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment produced a seedling vigor index of 3846.
- Treatment
- 6 gm L -1 and 6 mg L -1 for each of licorice root extract and potassium nitratee1
- Outcome
- seedling vigor indexe0
- Value
- 3846e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seedling vigor index reached 3846”
t0“Maize Seeds”
e1“6 gm L -1 and 6 mg L -1 for each of licorice root extract and potassium nitrate”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment yielded 75% germination in the accelerating age test.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the germination percentage at accelerating age test of 75%”
t0“Maize Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment yielded 76% germination in the cold test.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the germination percentage at the cold test of 76%”
t0“Maize Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend soaking maize seeds for 18 hours to improve germination.
- Outcome
- soaking duration in any of the two factors is 18 hours to improve germinatione0
- Value
- 18 hourse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We also recommend that the soaking duration in any of the two factors is 18 hours to improve germination under a wide range of environmental conditions”
t0“Maize Seeds”
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