Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in acidic soils. This study aims to investigate the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) priming on mitigating acid-Al toxicity to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) associated with changes in plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant defense, key metabolites, and genes related to organic acids metabolism. Thirty-seven-old plants were primed with or without 0.5 mM GABA for three days and then subjected to acid-Al stress (5 mmol/L AlCl3·6H2O, pH 4.35) for fifteen days. The results showed that acid-Al stress significantly increased the accumulation of Al and also restricted aboveground and underground growths, photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency, and osmotic balance, which could be effectively alleviated by GABA priming. The application of GABA significantly activated antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, to reduce oxidative damage to cells under acid-Al stress. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that the GABA pretreatment significantly induced the accumulation of many metabolites such as quinic acid, pyruvic acid, shikimic acid, glycine, threonine, erythrose, glucose-6-phosphate, galactose, kestose, threitol, ribitol, glycerol, putrescine, galactinol, and myo-inositol associated with osmotic, antioxidant, and metabolic homeostases under acid-Al stress. In addition, the GABA priming significantly up-regulated genes related to the transportation of malic acid and citric acid in leaves in response to acid-Al stress. Current findings indicated GABA-induced tolerance to acid-Al stress in relation to scavenging of reactive oxygen species, osmotic adjustment, and accumulation and transport of organic metabolites in leaves. Exogenous GABA priming could improve the phytoremediation potential of perennial creeping bentgrass for the restoration of Al-contaminated soils.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Acid-Al stress significantly increased aluminum accumulation in creeping bentgrass.
- Taxon
- Creeping Bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferat0 - Treatment
- acid-Al stresse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Ale0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acid-Al stress significantly increased the accumulation of Al”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid-Al stress restricted aboveground and underground growth of creeping bentgrass.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- acid-Al stresse1
- Outcome
- aboveground and underground growthse1
- Direction
- restrictede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“acid-Al stress significantly increased the accumulation of Al and also restricted aboveground and underground growths”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid-Al stress restricted photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency and osmotic balance in creeping bentgrass.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- acid-Al stresse2
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency, and osmotic balancee2
- Direction
- restrictede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“acid-Al stress significantly increased the accumulation of Al and also restricted aboveground and underground growths, photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency, and osmotic balance”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA priming alleviated the acid-Al restriction of aboveground and underground growth in creeping bentgrass.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA priminge3
- Outcome
- aboveground and underground growthse3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“restricted aboveground and underground growths, photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency, and osmotic balance, which could be effectively alleviated by GABA priming”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA priming alleviated the acid-Al restriction of photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency and osmotic balance in creeping bentgrass.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA priminge3
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency, and osmotic balancee3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“restricted aboveground and underground growths, photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency, and osmotic balance, which could be effectively alleviated by GABA priming”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of GABA significantly activated superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in creeping bentgrass under acid-Al stress.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- application of GABAe4
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalasee4
- Direction
- activatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The application of GABA significantly activated antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of GABA significantly activated ascorbate peroxidase in creeping bentgrass under acid-Al stress.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- application of GABAe4
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidasee4
- Direction
- activatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The application of GABA significantly activated antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA pretreatment significantly induced accumulation of quinic acid, pyruvic acid and shikimic acid under acid-Al stress.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA pretreatmente5
- Outcome
- quinic acid, pyruvic acid, shikimic acide5
- Direction
- inducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the GABA pretreatment significantly induced the accumulation of many metabolites such as quinic acid, pyruvic acid, shikimic acid, glycine, threonine, erythrose, glucose-6-phosphate, galactose, kestose, threitol, ribitol, glycerol, putrescine, galactinol, and myo-inositol”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA pretreatment significantly induced accumulation of glycine, threonine and erythrose under acid-Al stress.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA pretreatmente5
- Outcome
- glycine, threonine, erythrosee5
- Direction
- inducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the GABA pretreatment significantly induced the accumulation of many metabolites such as quinic acid, pyruvic acid, shikimic acid, glycine, threonine, erythrose, glucose-6-phosphate, galactose, kestose, threitol, ribitol, glycerol, putrescine, galactinol, and myo-inositol”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA pretreatment significantly induced accumulation of glucose-6-phosphate, galactose and kestose under acid-Al stress.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA pretreatmente5
- Outcome
- glucose-6-phosphate, galactose, kestosee5
- Direction
- inducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the GABA pretreatment significantly induced the accumulation of many metabolites such as quinic acid, pyruvic acid, shikimic acid, glycine, threonine, erythrose, glucose-6-phosphate, galactose, kestose, threitol, ribitol, glycerol, putrescine, galactinol, and myo-inositol”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA pretreatment significantly induced accumulation of threitol, ribitol and glycerol under acid-Al stress.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA pretreatmente5
- Outcome
- threitol, ribitol, glycerole5
- Direction
- inducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the GABA pretreatment significantly induced the accumulation of many metabolites such as quinic acid, pyruvic acid, shikimic acid, glycine, threonine, erythrose, glucose-6-phosphate, galactose, kestose, threitol, ribitol, glycerol, putrescine, galactinol, and myo-inositol”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA pretreatment significantly induced accumulation of putrescine, galactinol and myo-inositol under acid-Al stress.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA pretreatmente5
- Outcome
- putrescine, galactinol, and myo-inositole5
- Direction
- inducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the GABA pretreatment significantly induced the accumulation of many metabolites such as quinic acid, pyruvic acid, shikimic acid, glycine, threonine, erythrose, glucose-6-phosphate, galactose, kestose, threitol, ribitol, glycerol, putrescine, galactinol, and myo-inositol”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA priming significantly up-regulated genes for malic acid and citric acid transport in leaves under acid-Al stress.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- GABA priminge6
- Outcome
- genes related to the transportation of malic acid and citric acide6
- Direction
- up-regulatede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the GABA priming significantly up-regulated genes related to the transportation of malic acid and citric acid in leaves in response to acid-Al stress”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA-induced tolerance to acid-Al stress is associated with ROS scavenging, osmotic adjustment, and accumulation and transport of organic metabolites in leaves.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA-inducede7
- Outcome
- tolerance to acid-Al stresse7
- Qualifier
- in relation to scavenging of reactive oxygen species, osmotic adjustment, and accumulation and transport of organic metabolitese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Current findings indicated GABA-induced tolerance to acid-Al stress in relation to scavenging of reactive oxygen species, osmotic adjustment, and accumulation and transport of organic metabolites in leaves”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GABA priming could improve the phytoremediation potential of creeping bentgrass for restoring Al-contaminated soils.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GABA priming could improve the phytoremediation potential of perennial creeping bentgrass for the restoration of Al-contaminated soils”
t0“γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis”
The same questions in other papers
gamma-aminobutyric acid · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
gamma-aminobutyric acid · molecular: expression · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →gamma-aminobutyric acid · molecular: metabolites · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →gamma-aminobutyric acid · physiology: photosynthesis · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →seed treatment · molecular: expression · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.