Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts as an important regulator involved in the mediation of cell signal transduction and stress tolerance in plants. However, the function of GABA in transcriptional regulation is not fully understood in plants under water stress. The creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) was pretreated with or without GABA (0.5 mM) for 24 hours before being exposed to 5 days of water stress. Physiological analysis showed that GABA-treated plants maintained significantly higher endogenous GABA content, leaf relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, and lower osmotic potential than untreated plants under water stress. The GABA application also significantly alleviated stress-induced increases in superoxide anion (O2.-) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and electrolyte leakage through enhancing total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and peroxidase (POD) activity in response to water stress. The transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the GABA-induced changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in carbohydrates, amino acids, and secondary metabolism helped to maintain better osmotic adjustment, energy supply, and metabolic homeostasis when creeping bentgrass suffers from water stress. The GABA triggered Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) signaling and improved transcript levels of DREB1/2 and WRKY1/24/41 that could be associated with the upregulation of stress-related functional genes such as POD, DHNs, and HSP70 largely contributing to improved tolerance to water stress in relation to the antioxidant, prevention of cell dehydration, and protein protection in leaves.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
GABA pretreatment maintained higher endogenous GABA content, leaf water content and photosynthetic rate under water stress.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferae0 - Treatment
- GABA (0.5 mM)e0
- Outcome
- endogenous GABA content, leaf relative water content, net photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- under water stresse1
- Comparator
- untreated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) was pretreated with or without GABA (0.5 mM) for 24 hours before being exposed to 5 days of water stress.”
e1“GABA-treated plants maintained significantly higher endogenous GABA content, leaf relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, and lower osmotic potential than untreated plants under water stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA pretreatment lowered osmotic potential under water stress.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- GABA (0.5 mM)e0
- Outcome
- osmotic potentiale1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- untreated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) was pretreated with or without GABA (0.5 mM) for 24 hours before being exposed to 5 days of water stress.”
e1“lower osmotic potential than untreated plants under water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA alleviated stress-induced increases in superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- GABA applicatione1
- Outcome
- superoxide anion (O2.-) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and electrolyte leakagee1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)”
e1“The GABA application also significantly alleviated stress-induced increases in superoxide anion (O2.-) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA enhanced antioxidant capacity and SOD and POD activity during water stress.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- GABA applicatione1
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and peroxidase (POD) activitye1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)”
e1“The GABA application also significantly alleviated stress-induced increases in superoxide anion (O2.-) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and electrolyte leakage through enhancing total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and peroxidase (POD) activity in response to water stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA-induced changes in metabolic gene expression helped maintain osmotic adjustment, energy supply and homeostasis under stress.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- GABAe0
- Gene
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustment, energy supply, and metabolic homeostasise0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the GABA-induced changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in carbohydrates, amino acids, and secondary metabolism helped to maintain better osmotic adjustment, energy supply, and metabolic homeostasis when creeping bentgrass suffers from water stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA triggered CDPK signaling.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- GABAe1
- Gene
- Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK)e1
- Outcome
- Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) signalinge1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)”
e1“The GABA triggered Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) signaling”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA improved DREB and WRKY transcript levels, possibly associated with stress-functional gene upregulation and tolerance.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Gene
- DREB1/2 and WRKY1/24/41e1
- Outcome
- transcript levelse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- could be associated with the upregulation of stress-related functional genese1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)”
e1“improved transcript levels of DREB1/2 and WRKY1/24/41 that could be associated with the upregulation of stress-related functional genes such as POD, DHNs, and HSP70 largely contributing to improved tolerance to water stress in relation to the antioxidant, prevention of cell dehydration, and protein protection in leaves”
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