Abstract
While paddy fields produce a high yield, they also require a large amount of water and produce a significant amount of methane. Therefore, the adoption of water-saving irrigation techniques for rice cultivation is critical. Furrowed rice farming may be a viable alternative to paddy rice cultivation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of alternate partial root-zone drying irrigation on rice yield, milled rice quality, and cooking quality under furrow rice cultivation. A two-year field trial was conducted on a local rice cultivar, Tarom Hashemi, in 2015 and 2016. Seven water regimes, including three levels of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), three levels of alternate partial root-zone drying irrigation (APRDI), and conventional flooding irrigation (CFI), were used in this study. In RDI and APRDI treatments, plots were irrigated when soil matric potential had reached −0.1 (RDI1 and APRDI1), −0.3 (RDI3 and APRDI3), and −0.6 bar (RDI6 and APRDI6). RDI1 and APRDI1 treatments produced milled rice yield similar to the CFI, while irrigation water productivity (IWP) was significantly higher by 22.9% and 45.7%, respectively. Regardless of the soil water potential, the IWP in APRDI treatments was 16% higher than that of RDI treatments. Severe water stress (RDI6 and APRDI6) caused a marked increase in amylose content and alkali spreading value of milled rice resulting in improved cooking quality. Nitrogen uptake in APRDI treatments was 2% higher than that of RDI treatments. On average, methane emission per milled grain yield declined by 77.9% and 78.7% in RDI and APRDI treatments, respectively. Our data indicate that the expensive and laborious practice of puddling can be avoided to increase water productivity and improve rice quality without sacrificing yield. The results also show that furrow rice cultivation could significantly reduce the methane emission contribution of rice production.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
RDI1 produced milled rice yield similar to conventional flooding.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RDI1 and APRDI1 treatments produced milled rice yield similar to the CFI”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
APRDI1 produced milled rice yield similar to conventional flooding.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RDI1 and APRDI1 treatments produced milled rice yield similar to the CFI”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI1 increased irrigation water productivity by 22.9% versus conventional flooding.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- RDI1e0
- Outcome
- irrigation water productivity (IWP)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 22.9%e0
- Comparator
- CFIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RDI1 and APRDI1 treatments produced milled rice yield similar to the CFI, while irrigation water productivity (IWP) was significantly higher by 22.9% and 45.7%, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
APRDI1 increased irrigation water productivity by 45.7% versus conventional flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- APRDI1e0
- Outcome
- irrigation water productivity (IWP)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 45.7%e0
- Comparator
- CFIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RDI1 and APRDI1 treatments produced milled rice yield similar to the CFI, while irrigation water productivity (IWP) was significantly higher by 22.9% and 45.7%, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
APRDI had 16% higher irrigation water productivity than RDI regardless of soil water potential.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- APRDI treatmentse0
- Outcome
- IWPe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- Regardless of the soil water potentiale0
- Comparator
- RDI treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of the soil water potential, the IWP in APRDI treatments was 16% higher than that of RDI treatments”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress increased milled rice amylose content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Severe water stress (RDI6 and APRDI6)e0
- Outcome
- amylose contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe water stress (RDI6 and APRDI6) caused a marked increase in amylose content and alkali spreading value of milled rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress increased milled rice alkali spreading value.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Severe water stress (RDI6 and APRDI6)e0
- Outcome
- alkali spreading valuee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe water stress (RDI6 and APRDI6) caused a marked increase in amylose content and alkali spreading value of milled rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress improved milled rice cooking quality.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Severe water stresse0
- Outcome
- cooking qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe water stress (RDI6 and APRDI6) caused a marked increase in amylose content and alkali spreading value of milled rice resulting in improved cooking quality”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen uptake was 2% higher under APRDI than RDI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- APRDI treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2%e0
- Comparator
- RDI treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen uptake in APRDI treatments was 2% higher than that of RDI treatments”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI reduced methane emissions per milled grain yield by 77.9% on average.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RDIe0
- Outcome
- methane emission per milled grain yielde0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 77.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“methane emission per milled grain yield declined by 77.9% and 78.7% in RDI and APRDI treatments, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
APRDI reduced methane emissions per milled grain yield by 78.7% on average.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- APRDIe0
- Outcome
- methane emission per milled grain yielde0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 78.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“methane emission per milled grain yield declined by 77.9% and 78.7% in RDI and APRDI treatments, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend avoiding puddling to raise water productivity and improve rice quality without sacrificing yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- puddling can be avoidede0
- Qualifier
- increase water productivity and improve rice quality without sacrificing yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expensive and laborious practice of puddling can be avoided to increase water productivity and improve rice quality without sacrificing yield”
t0“rice”
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