Abstract
Rice is threatened by ineffective inputs of water and fertilizers. Therefore, we detected the effect of soil clay content on plant physiological traits and their relationships to phosphorus (P) utilization -efficiency of rice under different irrigation options. Thus, our experiment was conducted in a two-factor randomized complete block design. The first factor was irrigation method, including three choices: alternate wetting/critical drying (AWCD) (50% drying), alternate wetting/sharp drying (AWSD) (30% drying), and alternative wetting/minor drying (AWMD), (10% drying). The second factor was soil clay amount, with three levels at 65, 50, and 30%, corresponding to SHC, SMC, and SLC. The root’s growth and activity were lower in AWCD × SLC than in AWMD × SHC. While the former treatment decreased the P content in soil, the latter increased their availability. The glutamine synthetase (492.5 µmol g-1h-1) was lower in AWCD × SLC than in AWMD × SHC at 1006.1 µmol g-1h-1, leading to the increase of oxidative cell damage. The optimal P nutrition improved plant growth under AWMD × SHC. The AWCD × SLC led to the minimum agronomic efficiency of P (PAE, 13.67 g/g) and the apparent recovery efficiency of P (PARE, 1.55%). However, the maximum values of PAE (44.05 g/g) and PARE (21.45%) were detected in AWMD × SHC. This study suggests that increasing soil clay content encourages the growth, yield, and P uptake of rice under alternate wetting/minor drying irrigation. The study has excellent application potential, providing technical support for precision water and P fertilizer management of rice.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Rice root growth and activity were lower under AWCD × SLC than AWMD × SHC.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- AWCD × SLCe0
- Outcome
- root’s growth and activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- AWMD × SHCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root’s growth and activity were lower in AWCD × SLC than in AWMD × SHC.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWCD × SLC decreased soil P content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWCD × SLCe1
- Outcome
- P content in soile0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While the former treatment decreased the P content in soil, the latter increased their availability.”
e1“The root’s growth and activity were lower in AWCD × SLC than in AWMD × SHC.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWMD × SHC increased soil P availability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWMD × SHCe1
- Outcome
- availabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While the former treatment decreased the P content in soil, the latter increased their availability.”
e1“The root’s growth and activity were lower in AWCD × SLC than in AWMD × SHC.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine synthetase activity was lower under AWCD × SLC, 492.5 µmol g-1h-1 versus 1006.1 µmol g-1h-1 under AWMD × SHC.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWCD × SLCe0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetasee0
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetasee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 492.5 µmol g-1h-1e0
- Qualifier
- 1006.1 µmol g-1h-1e0
- Comparator
- AWMD × SHCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The glutamine synthetase (492.5 µmol g-1h-1) was lower in AWCD × SLC than in AWMD × SHC at 1006.1 µmol g-1h-1”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWCD × SLC increased oxidative cell damage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWCD × SLCe1
- Outcome
- oxidative cell damagee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to the increase of oxidative cell damage”
e1“The glutamine synthetase (492.5 µmol g-1h-1) was lower in AWCD × SLC than in AWMD × SHC at 1006.1 µmol g-1h-1, leading to the increase of oxidative cell damage.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal P nutrition improved plant growth under AWMD × SHC.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimal P nutrition improved plant growth under AWMD × SHC.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWCD × SLC gave minimum P agronomic efficiency of 13.67 g/g.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWCD × SLCe0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency of Pe0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 13.67 g/ge0
- Comparator
- AWMD × SHCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AWCD × SLC led to the minimum agronomic efficiency of P (PAE, 13.67 g/g)”
e1“However, the maximum values of PAE (44.05 g/g) and PARE (21.45%) were detected in AWMD × SHC.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWCD × SLC gave minimum P apparent recovery efficiency of 1.55%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWCD × SLCe0
- Outcome
- apparent recovery efficiency of Pe0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 1.55%e0
- Comparator
- AWMD × SHCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AWCD × SLC led to the minimum agronomic efficiency of P (PAE, 13.67 g/g) and the apparent recovery efficiency of P (PARE, 1.55%).”
e1“However, the maximum values of PAE (44.05 g/g) and PARE (21.45%) were detected in AWMD × SHC.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWMD × SHC gave maximum PAE of 44.05 g/g.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWMD × SHCe0
- Outcome
- PAEe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 44.05 g/ge0
- Comparator
- AWCD × SLCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum values of PAE (44.05 g/g) and PARE (21.45%) were detected in AWMD × SHC”
e1“The AWCD × SLC led to the minimum agronomic efficiency of P (PAE, 13.67 g/g) and the apparent recovery efficiency of P (PARE, 1.55%).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWMD × SHC gave maximum PARE of 21.45%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWMD × SHCe0
- Outcome
- PAREe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 21.45%e0
- Comparator
- AWCD × SLCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum values of PAE (44.05 g/g) and PARE (21.45%) were detected in AWMD × SHC”
e1“The AWCD × SLC led to the minimum agronomic efficiency of P (PAE, 13.67 g/g) and the apparent recovery efficiency of P (PARE, 1.55%).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest increasing soil clay content under alternate wetting and minor drying to encourage rice growth, yield and P uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- increasing soil clay contente0
- Outcome
- growth, yield, and P uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing soil clay content encourages the growth, yield, and P uptake of rice under alternate wetting/minor drying irrigation”
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