Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have established themselves as pivotal allies in the realm of plant physiology, renowned for their remarkable contributions to augmenting both growth and resilience against environmental stresses. In this study, we embarked on a comprehensive investigation into the discernible impact of two distinct AMF species on a widely planted oat cultivar, ‘Qingyan No. 1’, when subjected to the austere conditions of a drought. The experimental design included three distinct AMF treatments (inoculation with Rhiaophagus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae, or not), and the three water treatments were 75% of field capacity (well watered), 50% of field capacity (moderate drought), and 30% of field capacity (severe drought). The obtained results showed that the rate of inoculation under 75% FC for both AMF species was over 74%. Drought stress limited the growth and osmotic regulation of the oat plants. However, AMF inoculation observably increased the above-ground biomass under 75% FC and increased the root biomass under 30% FC. AMF inoculation also increased the root traits under 75% FC and 50% FC. R. intraradices inoculation increased the above-ground soluble sugar and soluble protein concentrations, and both AMF species showed decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the roots. Furthermore, the pervasive influence of drought stress exerted a discernible stranglehold on nutrient uptake in the oat plants, profoundly impacting the distribution of nutrients within the shoots and roots. Regardless of the drought stress treatment, the inoculation with both AMF species increased the P concentrations in the roots and the K and Mg concentrations in the roots, and the inoculation with R. intraradices increased the Ca concentration in the whole oat plant. Under 75% FC, the N concentration of the whole oat plant was significantly reduced by both AMF species. However, under 50% FC and 30% FC, the N concentrations in the shoots inoculated with both AMF species were close to that of the non-inoculated shoots. In summary, AMF improved the osmotic regulation and nutrient absorption and distribution of oat plants under drought stress and thus promoted the growth and biomass accumulation of oat plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The inoculation rate of both AMF species under 75% FC was over 74%.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativat0 - Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- rate of inoculatione1
- Value
- over 74%e1
- Qualifier
- 75% FCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e1“the rate of inoculation under 75% FC for both AMF species was over 74%”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress limited growth and osmotic regulation of oat plants.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse2
- Outcome
- growth and osmotic regulatione2
- Direction
- limitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e2“Drought stress limited the growth and osmotic regulation of the oat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation observably increased above-ground biomass of oat under 75% FC.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Outcome
- above-ground biomasse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- 75% FCe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e3“However, AMF inoculation observably increased the above-ground biomass under 75% FC and increased the root biomass under 30% FC”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased root biomass of oat under 30% FC.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Outcome
- root biomasse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- 30% FCe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e3“However, AMF inoculation observably increased the above-ground biomass under 75% FC and increased the root biomass under 30% FC”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased root traits of oat under 75% FC and 50% FC.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione4
- Interactor
- AMFe4symbiont
- Outcome
- root traitse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- 75% FC and 50% FCe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e4“AMF inoculation also increased the root traits under 75% FC and 50% FC”
Claim · model-written summary
R. intraradices inoculation increased above-ground soluble sugar and soluble protein concentrations in oat.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- R. intraradices inoculatione5
- Interactor
- R. intraradicese5symbiont
- Outcome
- above-ground soluble sugar and soluble protein concentrationse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e5“R. intraradices inoculation increased the above-ground soluble sugar and soluble protein concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Both AMF species decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the roots of oat.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Treatment
- AMF speciese6
- Interactor
- AMFe6symbiont
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrationse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e6“both AMF species showed decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Regardless of drought stress, inoculation with both AMF species increased P, K and Mg concentrations in the roots of oat.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- the inoculation with both AMF speciese7
- Interactor
- AMFe7symbiont
- Outcome
- P concentrations in the roots and the K and Mg concentrations in the rootse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- Regardless of the drought stress treatmente7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e7“Regardless of the drought stress treatment, the inoculation with both AMF species increased the P concentrations in the roots and the K and Mg concentrations in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
R. intraradices inoculation increased Ca concentration in the whole oat plant.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- the inoculation with R. intraradicese0
- Interactor
- R. intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- Ca concentration in the whole oat plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e0“the inoculation with R. intraradices increased the Ca concentration in the whole oat plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 75% FC, both AMF species significantly reduced the N concentration of the whole oat plant.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- both AMF speciese2
- Interactor
- AMF speciese2symbiont
- Outcome
- N concentration of the whole oat plante2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- 75% FCe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e2“Under 75% FC, the N concentration of the whole oat plant was significantly reduced by both AMF species”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 50% FC and 30% FC, N concentrations in the shoots of AMF-inoculated oat were close to those of non-inoculated shoots.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse3
- Treatment
- inoculated with both AMF speciese3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Outcome
- N concentrations in the shootse3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Qualifier
- 50% FC and 30% FCe3
- Comparator
- non-inoculated shootse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e3“under 50% FC and 30% FC, the N concentrations in the shoots inoculated with both AMF species were close to that of the non-inoculated shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress negatively affected nutrient uptake in oat, with an impact on the distribution of nutrients within shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse4
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee4
- Qualifier
- distribution of nutrients within the shoots and rootse4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat under Drought Conditions”
e4“the pervasive influence of drought stress exerted a discernible stranglehold on nutrient uptake in the oat plants, profoundly impacting the distribution of nutrients within the shoots and roots”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.