Abstract
In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the absence of the essential macro-nutrient phosphate reduces primary root growth through decreased cell division and elongation, requiring alterations to the polysaccharide-rich cell wall surrounding the cells. Despite its importance, the regulation of cell wall synthesis in response to low phosphate levels is not well understood. In this study, we show that plants increase cellulose synthesis in roots under limiting phosphate conditions, which leads to changes in the thickness and structure of the cell wall. These changes contribute to the reduced growth of primary roots in low-phosphate conditions. Furthermore, we found that the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) activity at the plasma membrane increases during phosphate deficiency. Moreover, we show that this increase in the activity of the CSC is likely due to alterations in the phosphorylation status of cellulose synthases in low-phosphate conditions. Specifically, phosphorylation of CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 1 (CESA1) at the S688 site decreases in low-phosphate conditions. Phosphomimic versions of CESA1 with an S688E mutation showed significantly reduced cellulose induction and primary root length changes in low-phosphate conditions. Protein structure modeling suggests that the phosphorylation status of S688 in CESA1 could play a role in stabilizing and activating the CSC. This mechanistic understanding of root growth regulation under limiting phosphate conditions provides potential strategies for changing root responses to soil phosphate content.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphate increased root cellulose synthesis.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- limiting phosphate conditionse0
- Outcome
- cellulose synthesise0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“plants increase cellulose synthesis in roots under limiting phosphate conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Cellulose synthesis changes altered cell-wall thickness and structure.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Outcome
- thickness and structure of the cell walle0
- Qualifier
- changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which leads to changes in the thickness and structure of the cell wall”
t0“Phosphate starvation regulates cellulose synthesis to modify root growth”
e1“In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell-wall changes contributed to reduced primary-root growth under low phosphate.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Outcome
- reduced growth of primary rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- These changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These changes contribute to the reduced growth of primary roots in low-phosphate conditions”
t0“Phosphate starvation regulates cellulose synthesis to modify root growth”
e1“In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate deficiency increased plasma-membrane CSC activity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Organ / stage
- plasma membranee0
- Treatment
- phosphate deficiencye0
- Outcome
- cellulose synthase complex (CSC) activitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cellulose synthase complex (CSC) activity at the plasma membrane increases during phosphate deficiency”
t0“Phosphate starvation regulates cellulose synthesis to modify root growth”
e1“In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Altered cellulose-synthase phosphorylation likely explains increased CSC activity under low phosphate.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- cellulose synthasese0
- Outcome
- activity of the CSCe0
- Qualifier
- likely due to alterations in the phosphorylation statuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this increase in the activity of the CSC is likely due to alterations in the phosphorylation status of cellulose synthases in low-phosphate conditions”
t0“Phosphate starvation regulates cellulose synthesis to modify root growth”
e1“In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
CESA1 S688 phosphorylation decreased under low phosphate.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- low-phosphate conditionse0
- Gene
- CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 1 (CESA1)e0
- Outcome
- phosphorylatione0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phosphorylation of CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 1 (CESA1) at the S688 site decreases in low-phosphate conditions”
t0“Phosphate starvation regulates cellulose synthesis to modify root growth”
e1“In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
CESA1 S688E phosphomimics had significantly reduced cellulose induction under low phosphate.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- Phosphomimic versions of CESA1 with an S688E mutatione0
- Treatment
- low-phosphate conditionse0
- Gene
- CESA1e0
- Outcome
- cellulose inductione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphomimic versions of CESA1 with an S688E mutation showed significantly reduced cellulose induction and primary root length changes in low-phosphate conditions”
t0“Phosphate starvation regulates cellulose synthesis to modify root growth”
e1“In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
CESA1 S688E phosphomimics had significantly reduced primary-root-length changes under low phosphate.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- Phosphomimic versions of CESA1 with an S688E mutatione0
- Treatment
- low-phosphate conditionse0
- Gene
- CESA1e0
- Outcome
- primary root length changese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphomimic versions of CESA1 with an S688E mutation showed significantly reduced cellulose induction and primary root length changes in low-phosphate conditions”
t0“Phosphate starvation regulates cellulose synthesis to modify root growth”
e1“In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Modeling suggested CESA1 S688 phosphorylation could stabilize and activate the CSC.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- CESA1e0
- Outcome
- stabilizing and activating the CSCe0
- Qualifier
- could play a rolee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein structure modeling suggests that the phosphorylation status of S688 in CESA1 could play a role in stabilizing and activating the CSC”
t0“Phosphate starvation regulates cellulose synthesis to modify root growth”
e1“In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
The same questions in other papers
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
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3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.