Abstract
To evaluate the effect of different levels of chemical and organic fertilizers on seed yield, its components and oil content of sunflower (Hybrid Iroflor), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with 12 treatment and 4 replications was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2014 growing season. The first factor consisted of 3 levels of chemical fertilizer (C0: without using any fertilizer, C1: application of urea at the rate of 150 kg.ha-1 and C2:application of 75 kg.ha-1 urea + 50 kg.ha-1 super phosphate triple) and the second factor comprised of organic manure applications (O) with 4 levels (O0: without organic fertilizer, O1:animal manure application at the rate of 40 t.ha-1, O2: poultry manure application at the rate of 30 t.ha-1 and O3: %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure. Results showed that the highest chlorophyll index belonged to %50 nitrogen + 50% phosphorus plus poultry manure and nitrogen fertilizer plus poultry manure treatment combinations respectively. Applications of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure treatment combination, resulted in grain yield increase by %42.02 as compared to the application of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1. Maximum kernel number per head was produced by interaction effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg N ha-1) animal manure (40 t.ha-1). Biological yield and harvest index were increased by %22.9 and %15.98 respectively, as compared to control and application of %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure. Highest percentage of grain oil (52.45%) was obtained by applications of 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 of animal manure, as compared to the control (30.13 percent). The highest oil yield (1784.57 kg.ha-1) was also belonged combined application of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 animal manure. Thus, integrated application of organic and chemical fertilizers (75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 animal manure) improved both grain yield and its oil content of sunflower more than their individual applications.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The highest sunflower chlorophyll index was found with the 50% nitrogen + 50% phosphorus plus poultry manure and the nitrogen fertilizer plus poultry manure combinations, respectively.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- %50 nitrogen + 50% phosphorus plus poultry manure and nitrogen fertilizer plus poultry manure treatment combinationse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest chlorophyll index belonged to %50 nitrogen + 50% phosphorus plus poultry manure and nitrogen fertilizer plus poultry manure treatment combinations”
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 75 kg N ha-1 + 50 kg P ha-1 together with 50% poultry manure + 50% animal manure raised sunflower grain yield by 42.02% compared with 75 kg N ha-1 + 50 kg P ha-1 alone.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure treatment combinatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- %42.02e0
- Comparator
- the application of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure treatment combination, resulted in grain yield increase by %42.02 as compared to the application of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1”
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum kernel number per head in sunflower was produced by the interaction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg N ha-1) and animal manure (40 t.ha-1).
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- chemical nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg N ha-1) animal manure (40 t.ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- kernel number per heade0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum kernel number per head was produced by interaction effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg N ha-1) animal manure (40 t.ha-1)”
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological yield of sunflower increased by 22.9% relative to control with 50% poultry manure + 50% animal manure.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- application of %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manuree0
- Outcome
- Biological yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- %22.9e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biological yield and harvest index were increased by %22.9 and %15.98 respectively, as compared to control and application of %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure”
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index of sunflower increased by 15.98% relative to control with 50% poultry manure + 50% animal manure.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- application of %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manuree0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- %15.98e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biological yield and harvest index were increased by %22.9 and %15.98 respectively, as compared to control and application of %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure”
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest grain oil percentage in sunflower (52.45%) was obtained with 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure + 20 t.ha-1 animal manure, compared with 30.13% in the control.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 of animal manuree0
- Outcome
- percentage of grain oile0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 52.45%e0
- Qualifier
- 30.13 percente0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest percentage of grain oil (52.45%) was obtained by applications of 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 of animal manure, as compared to the control (30.13 percent)”
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest oil yield in sunflower (1784.57 kg.ha-1) was obtained with combined 75 kg N ha-1 + 50 kg P ha-1 and 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure + 20 t.ha-1 animal manure.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- combined application of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 animal manuree0
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1784.57 kg.ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest oil yield (1784.57 kg.ha-1) was also belonged combined application of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 animal manure”
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated organic plus chemical fertilizer application (75 kg N ha-1 + 50 kg P ha-1 with 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure + 20 t.ha-1 animal manure) improved sunflower grain yield and oil content more than the individual applications.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- integrated application of organic and chemical fertilizers (75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 animal manure)e0
- Outcome
- grain yield and its oil contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- their individual applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated application of organic and chemical fertilizers (75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 animal manure) improved both grain yield and its oil content of sunflower more than their individual applications”
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