Paper · 1985 · The Journal of Agricultural Science

Response of sunflower cultivars to plant density and nitrogen

S. S. Narwal; D. S. Malik

10
claims
24
verbatim quotes
23
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Summary In a 2-year study, sunflower oultivar EC 69874 produced greater leaf area than EC 68415, but gave similar grain yields. The former was superior in leaf area, head size and yield per plant but was inferior in 100-seed weight. The leaf area was greater at lower plant density (5·5 plants/m 2 ), which resulted in higher 100-seed weight, number of seeds per plant and yield per plant than higher plant density (11·1 plants/m 2 ). Plant density had no influence on the percentage of filled seeds or oil content. Application of nitrogen improved the leaf area, flowerhead size, percentage of filled seeds, 100-seed weight, yield per plant and grain yield up to 60 kg/ha but decreased the oil content.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 10

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

EC 69874 produced more leaf area than EC 68415.

Taxon
sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
Material
EC 69874e0
Outcome
leaf areae0
Direction
greatere0
Comparator
EC 68415e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“sunflower oultivar EC 69874 produced greater leaf area than EC 68415”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 27–95 · show in text ↑
t0

“sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

EC 69874 and EC 68415 had similar grain yields.

Taxon
sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Material
EC 69874e0
Outcome
grain yieldse0
Direction
similare0
Comparator
EC 68415e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“EC 69874 produced greater leaf area than EC 68415, but gave similar grain yields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 46–126 · show in text ↑
t0

“sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

EC 69874 had superior head size and yield per plant.

Taxon
sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Material
EC 69874e1
Outcome
head size and yield per plante0
Direction
superiore0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The former was superior in leaf area, head size and yield per plant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 128–195 · show in text ↑
e1

“EC 69874”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 46–54 · show in text ↑
t0

“sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

EC 69874 had lower 100-seed weight.

Taxon
sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Material
EC 69874e1
Outcome
100-seed weighte0
Direction
inferiore0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“was inferior in 100-seed weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 200–231 · show in text ↑
e1

“EC 69874”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 46–54 · show in text ↑
t0

“sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower planting density gave greater leaf area.

Taxon
sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Treatment
lower plant density (5·5 plants/m 2 )e0
Outcome
leaf areae0
Direction
greatere0
Comparator
higher plant density (11·1 plants/m 2 )e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The leaf area was greater at lower plant density (5·5 plants/m 2 )”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 233–299 · show in text ↑
e1

“higher plant density (11·1 plants/m 2 )”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–433 · show in text ↑
t0

“sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower planting density increased 100-seed weight, seeds per plant and yield per plant.

Taxon
sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Treatment
lower plant density (5·5 plants/m 2 )e1
Outcome
100-seed weight, number of seeds per plant and yield per plante0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
higher plant density (11·1 plants/m 2 )e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“higher 100-seed weight, number of seeds per plant and yield per plant than higher plant density (11·1 plants/m 2 )”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 319–433 · show in text ↑
e1

“lower plant density (5·5 plants/m 2 )”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 262–299 · show in text ↑
t0

“sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Plant density did not influence filled seed percentage or oil content.

Taxon
sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Treatment
Plant densitye0
Outcome
percentage of filled seeds or oil contente0
Direction
no influencee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Plant density had no influence on the percentage of filled seeds or oil content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 435–514 · show in text ↑
t0

“sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen application improved leaf area, head size and filled seed percentage up to 60 kg/ha.

Taxon
sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Treatment
Application of nitrogene0
Outcome
leaf area, flowerhead size, percentage of filled seedse0
Direction
improvede0
Qualifier
up to 60 kg/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of nitrogen improved the leaf area, flowerhead size, percentage of filled seeds, 100-seed weight, yield per plant and grain yield up to 60 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 516–672 · show in text ↑
t0

“sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen application improved 100-seed weight, yield per plant and grain yield up to 60 kg/ha.

Taxon
sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Treatment
Application of nitrogene0
Outcome
100-seed weight, yield per plant and grain yielde0
Direction
improvede0
Qualifier
up to 60 kg/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of nitrogen improved the leaf area, flowerhead size, percentage of filled seeds, 100-seed weight, yield per plant and grain yield up to 60 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 516–672 · show in text ↑
t0

“sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen application decreased oil content.

Taxon
sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Treatment
Application of nitrogene0
Outcome
oil contente0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of nitrogen improved the leaf area, flowerhead size, percentage of filled seeds, 100-seed weight, yield per plant and grain yield up to 60 kg/ha but decreased the oil content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 516–702 · show in text ↑
t0

“sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21 · show in text ↑

nitrogen · quality: oil · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ

51 papers: 40 positive, 11 negative or no effect

10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 40 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

47 papers more in this group

See all 51 papers →

nitrogen · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ

76 papers: 63 positive, 13 negative or no effect

62 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. negative

72 papers more in this group

See all 76 papers →

density · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results

22 papers: 17 positive, 5 negative or no effect

16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

18 papers more in this group

See all 22 papers →

density · quality: oil · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results

25 papers: 18 positive, 7 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

21 papers more in this group

See all 25 papers →

density · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results

85 papers: 70 positive, 15 negative or no effect

69 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. no effect

81 papers more in this group

See all 85 papers →

nitrogen · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results

196 papers: 182 positive, 14 negative or no effect

181 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

192 papers more in this group

See all 196 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.