Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are emerging as an anticipated pollution in the environment due to their active use in many areas. However, the effects of REEs on the photosynthesis of rice have not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, this study emphasizes how high levels of La(III) affect the thylakoid membrane of rice seedlings, thereby inhibiting photosynthesis and growth. Here, we reported that rice plants treated with La(III) exhibited an increase in La accumulation in the leaves, accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity. La(III) exposure decreased Mg content in leaves, but possibly increased other nutrients including Cu, Mn, and Zn through systemic endocytosis. K-band and L-band appeared in the fluorescence OJIP transients, indicating La(III) stress destroyed the donor and receptor sides of photosystem II (PSII). Numerous reaction centers (RC/CSm) were inactivated by La(III) treatment, which resulted in a reduction in electron transport capacity (decreased ETo/RC and ETo/CSm) and an increase in the dissipation of the excess excitation energy by heat (increased DIo/RC and DIo/CSm). The BN-PAGE analysis of thylakoid membrane protein complexes showed that La(III) induced the degradation of supercomplexes, PSII core, LHCII, PSI core, LHCI, and F1-ATPase binding Cyt b6f complex. Collectively, this study revealed that La(III) causes significant degradation of thylakoid membrane proteins, thereby promoting the decomposition of photosynthetic complexes, ultimately destroying the chloroplast structure and reducing the photosynthetic performance of rice seedlings.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
La(III) treatment increased leaf La accumulation.
- Taxon
- rice seedlings
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- La(III)e0
- Outcome
- La accumulation in the leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice plants treated with La(III) exhibited an increase in La accumulation in the leaves”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
La(III) treatment decreased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
La(III) exposure decreased leaf Mg content.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- La(III) exposuree0
- Outcome
- Mg content in leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La(III) exposure decreased Mg content in leaves”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
La(III) possibly increased Cu, Mn, and Zn nutrients.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- other nutrients including Cu, Mn, and Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- possiblye0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“possibly increased other nutrients including Cu, Mn, and Zn through systemic endocytosis”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
La(III) stress produced K- and L-bands in OJIP transients.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- K-band and L-band appeared in the fluorescence OJIP transientse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K-band and L-band appeared in the fluorescence OJIP transients”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The OJIP bands indicated damage to PSII donor and receptor sides.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- La(III) stresse0
- Outcome
- donor and receptor sides of photosystem II (PSII)e0
- Direction
- destroyede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating La(III) stress destroyed the donor and receptor sides of photosystem II (PSII)”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
La(III) inactivated numerous reaction centers.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- La(III) treatmente0
- Outcome
- reaction centers (RC/CSm)e0
- Direction
- inactivatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Numerous reaction centers (RC/CSm) were inactivated by La(III) treatment”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
La(III) reduced electron transport capacity.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- electron transport capacitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction in electron transport capacity (decreased ETo/RC and ETo/CSm)”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
La(III) increased dissipation of excess excitation energy as heat.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- dissipation of the excess excitation energy by heate0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in the dissipation of the excess excitation energy by heat (increased DIo/RC and DIo/CSm)”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
La(III) induced degradation of photosynthetic supercomplexes, PSII core, and LHCII.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- La(III)e0
- Outcome
- degradation of supercomplexes, PSII core, LHCIIe0
- Direction
- degradatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La(III) induced the degradation of supercomplexes, PSII core, LHCII, PSI core, LHCI, and F1-ATPase binding Cyt b6f complex”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
La(III) induced degradation of PSI core, LHCI, and F1-ATPase binding Cyt b6f complex.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- La(III)e0
- Outcome
- PSI core, LHCI, and F1-ATPase binding Cyt b6f complexe0
- Direction
- degradatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La(III) induced the degradation of supercomplexes, PSII core, LHCII, PSI core, LHCI, and F1-ATPase binding Cyt b6f complex”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that La(III)-induced protein degradation decomposes photosynthetic complexes and damages chloroplast structure and photosynthetic performance.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- La(III)e0
- Outcome
- chloroplast structure and reducing the photosynthetic performancee0
- Qualifier
- degradation of thylakoid membrane proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La(III) causes significant degradation of thylakoid membrane proteins, thereby promoting the decomposition of photosynthetic complexes, ultimately destroying the chloroplast structure and reducing the photosynthetic performance of rice seedlings”
t0“rice seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
lanthanum atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
lanthanum atom · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
lanthanum atom · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.