Abstract
Unreasonable irrigation and nitrogen application reduce tomato yield and waste resources. This study explored the effects of water conservation and nitrogen reduction on tomato yield, dry matter, quality, water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in Northeast China. Experiments were conducted during 2020 and 2021 at three irrigation levels (85–95 %, 75–85 %, and 65–75 % θFC) and three nitrogen application levels (120, 180, and 240 kg hm−2). The optimal water and nitrogen supply patterns were obtained by establishing a newly evaluated Entropy Weight Method−Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution−Adversarial Interpretive Structure Model (EWM−TOPSIS−AISM). The results showed that the amount of irrigation and nitrogen application significantly affected tomato quality (P ≤ 0.5). Proper deficit irrigation improved tomato quality. Reducing the nitrogen application rate improved nitrogen use efficiency but decreased the tomato yield. Increasing the amount of irrigation increased tomato yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Tomato yield was negatively correlated with water productivity (R= −0.25 in 2020 and R= −0.37 in 2021) and nitrogen use efficiency (R= −0.30 in 2020 and R= −0.20 in 2021). The evaluation results showed that the best water and nitrogen supply mode for our experiment was irrigation at 75–85 % θFC and nitrogen application rate of 180 kg hm−2. The study could promote the sustainable production of greenhouse tomatoes in Northeast China.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation amount significantly affected tomato quality.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- amount of irrigatione0
- Outcome
- tomato qualitye0
- Value
- P ≤ 0.5e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of irrigation and nitrogen application significantly affected tomato quality (P ≤ 0.5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application significantly affected tomato quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- tomato qualitye0
- Value
- P ≤ 0.5e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of irrigation and nitrogen application significantly affected tomato quality (P ≤ 0.5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Proper deficit irrigation improved tomato quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Proper deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- tomato qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proper deficit irrigation improved tomato quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower nitrogen application improved tomato nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- tomato yielde0
- Treatment
- Reducing the nitrogen application ratee0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Reducing the nitrogen application rate improved nitrogen use efficiency but decreased the tomato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower nitrogen application decreased tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomato yielde0
- Treatment
- Reducing the nitrogen application ratee0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Reducing the nitrogen application rate improved nitrogen use efficiency but decreased the tomato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation increased tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Increasing the amount of irrigatione0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the amount of irrigation increased tomato yield and nitrogen use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation increased tomato nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Increasing the amount of irrigatione0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the amount of irrigation increased tomato yield and nitrogen use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato yield was negatively correlated with water productivity in 2020 and 2021.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- Tomato yielde0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Value
- R= −0.25 in 2020 and R= −0.37 in 2021e0
- Comparator
- water productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato yield was negatively correlated with water productivity (R= −0.25 in 2020 and R= −0.37 in 2021)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato yield was negatively correlated with nitrogen use efficiency in 2020 and 2021.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- Tomato yielde0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Value
- R= −0.30 in 2020 and R= −0.20 in 2021e0
- Comparator
- nitrogen use efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato yield was negatively correlated with water productivity (R= −0.25 in 2020 and R= −0.37 in 2021) and nitrogen use efficiency (R= −0.30 in 2020 and R= −0.20 in 2021)”
Claim · model-written summary
The evaluation selected irrigation at 75–85 % θFC with 180 kg hm−2 nitrogen as the best supply mode.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 75–85 % θFC and nitrogen application rate of 180 kg hm−2e0
- Outcome
- best water and nitrogen supply modee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the best water and nitrogen supply mode for our experiment was irrigation at 75–85 % θFC and nitrogen application rate of 180 kg hm−2”
t0“greenhouse tomatoes”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 344 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.