Abstract
Seed cotton yield and fiber quality are two primary factors that influence the international competitiveness of cotton. To enhance the water-nitrogen utilization efficiency and promote the sustainable cotton production, field experiments were performed in 2020 and 2021 to explore the effects of irrigation depth and nitrogen (N) fertilization rate on N uptake and distribution, seed cotton yield, fiber quality traits and water-nitrogen utilization efficiency in the Korla region of southern Xinjiang, China. Three irrigation depths (W1: 60% ETc, W2: 80% ETc, W3: 100% ETc; ETc was crop water consumption) and four N rates (N0: 0 kg ha−1, N200: 200 kg ha−1, N300: 300 kg ha−1, N400: 400 kg ha−1) were applied. The results showed irrigation depth and N rate significantly influenced N uptake and distribution in plant organs, seed cotton yield, crop water productivity (WP), partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) and some fiber quality traits. Increasing irrigation depth improved plant height, leaf area index, aboveground dry matter and seed cotton yield, while increasing N rate increased and then declined these indicators. At the squaring and flowering stages, the N accumulation in all parts of cotton increased as irrigation depth and N rate increased, whereas it increased and then declined with increasing N rate at the boll-setting and harvesting stages. At the squaring and flowering stages, N was mainly accumulated in the leaves. As the growth period progressed, N was transported to bolls and the proportion of N content in leaves decreased. The proportion of N accumulation in cotton bolls was largest at the boll-setting and harvesting stages, and the N accumulation in plant organs followed the order of boll > leaf > stem > root. As irrigation depth increased, PFPN increased but WP decreased. As N rate increased, PFPN decreased but WP increased and then declined. The increases in N rate improved fiber quality. The maximum seed cotton yield (7578 kg ha−1 in 2020 and 7173 kg ha−1 in 2021) and greater WP, PFPN and fiber quality occurred in W3N300, which was recommended as a sustainable cotton production strategy in the Korla region of southern Xinjiang and elsewhere with similar environments to improve water-nitrogen utilization efficiency, seed cotton yield and alleviate soil nitrate pollution risk.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and N significantly influenced N uptake, yield, productivity and some fiber traits.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- irrigation depth and N ratee0
- Outcome
- N uptake and distribution in plant organs, seed cotton yield, crop water productivity (WP)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation depth and N rate significantly influenced N uptake and distribution in plant organs, seed cotton yield, crop water productivity (WP), partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) and some fiber quality traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater irrigation improved plant height, leaf area index and aboveground dry matter.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation depthe0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area index, aboveground dry mattere0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation depth improved plant height, leaf area index, aboveground dry matter and seed cotton yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater irrigation improved seed cotton yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation depthe0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation depth improved plant height, leaf area index, aboveground dry matter and seed cotton yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N first increased then decreased growth and yield indicators.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- increasing N ratee0
- Outcome
- these indicatorse0
- Direction
- increased and then declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing N rate increased and then declined these indicators.”
t0“cotton”
e1“irrigation depth and N rate significantly influenced N uptake and distribution in plant organs, seed cotton yield, crop water productivity (WP), partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) and some fiber quality traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
N accumulation increased with irrigation and N at squaring and flowering.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- squaring and flowering stagese0
- Treatment
- irrigation depth and N ratee0
- Outcome
- N accumulation in all parts of cottone0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the squaring and flowering stages, the N accumulation in all parts of cotton increased as irrigation depth and N rate increased”
Claim · model-written summary
N accumulation first increased then fell with N at boll setting and harvest.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- boll-setting and harvesting stagese0
- Treatment
- increasing N ratee0
- Outcome
- N accumulatione1
- Direction
- increased and then declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it increased and then declined with increasing N rate at the boll-setting and harvesting stages.”
t0“cotton”
e1“At the squaring and flowering stages, the N accumulation in all parts of cotton increased as irrigation depth and N rate increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves accumulated most N at squaring and flowering.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- squaring and flowering stagese0
- Outcome
- N was mainly accumulated in the leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the squaring and flowering stages, N was mainly accumulated in the leaves.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
N moved to bolls and leaf N fraction declined over growth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- bollse0
- Outcome
- proportion of N content in leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the growth period progressed, N was transported to bolls and the proportion of N content in leaves decreased.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Bolls had the largest N share at boll setting and harvest, ordered boll, leaf, stem, root.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- boll-setting and harvesting stagese0
- Outcome
- proportion of N accumulation in cotton bollse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of N accumulation in cotton bolls was largest at the boll-setting and harvesting stages, and the N accumulation in plant organs followed the order of boll > leaf > stem > root.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater irrigation increased partial factor productivity of N.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation depthe0
- Outcome
- PFPNe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As irrigation depth increased, PFPN increased but WP decreased.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater irrigation decreased crop water productivity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation depthe0
- Outcome
- WPe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As irrigation depth increased, PFPN increased but WP decreased.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater N decreased partial factor productivity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- N ratee0
- Outcome
- PFPNe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As N rate increased, PFPN decreased but WP increased and then declined.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater N first increased then decreased water productivity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- N ratee0
- Outcome
- WPe0
- Direction
- increased and then declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As N rate increased, PFPN decreased but WP increased and then declined.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N rates improved fiber quality.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- increases in N ratee0
- Outcome
- fiber qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increases in N rate improved fiber quality.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
W3N300 produced maximum seed cotton yield of 7578 kg ha−1 in 2020.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- W3N300e0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7578 kg ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 2020e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum seed cotton yield (7578 kg ha−1 in 2020 and 7173 kg ha−1 in 2021) and greater WP, PFPN and fiber quality occurred in W3N300”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
W3N300 produced maximum seed cotton yield of 7173 kg ha−1 in 2021.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- W3N300e0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7173 kg ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 2021e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum seed cotton yield (7578 kg ha−1 in 2020 and 7173 kg ha−1 in 2021) and greater WP, PFPN and fiber quality occurred in W3N300”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
W3N300 had greater water and nitrogen productivity and fiber quality.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- W3N300e0
- Outcome
- WP, PFPN and fiber qualitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater WP, PFPN and fiber quality occurred in W3N300”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend W3N300 for sustainable production in Korla and similar environments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- sustainable cotton production strategye0
- Setting
- Korla region of southern Xinjiange0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“W3N300, which was recommended as a sustainable cotton production strategy in the Korla region of southern Xinjiang and elsewhere with similar environments to improve water-nitrogen utilization efficiency, seed cotton yield and alleviate soil nitrate pollution risk.”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · quality: grain · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
64 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
99 papers more in this group
See all 103 papers →nitrogen · physiology: water · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →irrigation · nutrient: content · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →nitrogen · nutrient: content · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
75 papers more in this group
See all 79 papers →irrigation · physiology: water · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
109 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
127 papers more in this group
See all 131 papers →irrigation · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
100 papers in the same direction as this paper · 40 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
140 papers more in this group
See all 144 papers →nitrogen · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
285 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
339 papers more in this group
See all 343 papers →irrigation · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
303 papers in the same direction as this paper · 86 in the opposite direction · 9 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
395 papers more in this group
See all 399 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.