Abstract
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most devastating agricultural diseases during the pre and postharvest stages. This study aims to investigate the application of Bacillus subtilis as a bioagent against B. cinerea and reducing pre and postharvest disease as a replacement method to chemical pesticides. Five Botrytis isolates were molecularly confirmed and the virulent isolate BC2 was registered for the first time in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession number OP257237. The mycelial growth of B. cinerea was inhibited by up to 84% when treated with the bio agent bacterium using the double drawing method in Petri plates. Pre-harvest application of B. subtilis at a concentration of 108/ml CFU reduced postharvest -gray mold of tomato fruit during ripening stages in the greenhouse. Preharvest application of bioagent bacterium B. subtilis induced the levels of B-1, 3-glucanase and Polyphenol oxidase, indicating enhanced plant resistance to gray mold. Disease severity was decreased compared with control and extended the shelf life at 25 °C.The field application of the bio agent bacterium at the maturity of ripening in preharvest had a significant effect on increasing the level of polyphenol oxidase PPO and B-1, 3-glucanase, which are related to the enhancement of plant defenses and resistance. Additionally, it led to an increase in storage life and a reduction in post-harvest losses. The results demonstrated that preharvest application of bio agent bacterium Bacillus subtilis improved the quality of postharvest tomato fruit and significantly reduced gray mold incidence, all without the use of chemical pesticides.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Five Botrytis isolates were confirmed, and virulent BC2 was registered.
- Taxon
- tomato fruit
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- Five Botrytis isolates were molecularly confirmede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five Botrytis isolates were molecularly confirmed and the virulent isolate BC2 was registered for the first time in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession number OP257237.”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis inhibited B. cinerea mycelial growth by up to 84% in plates.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- bio agent bacteriume0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilist0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial growth of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- up to 84%e0
- Setting
- Petri platese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mycelial growth of B. cinerea was inhibited by up to 84% when treated with the bio agent bacterium using the double drawing method in Petri plates.”
t0“Bacillus subtilis and its bacteriocin on tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest B. subtilis reduced postharvest gray mold of tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- ripening stagese0
- Treatment
- Pre-harvest application of B. subtilis at a concentration of 108/ml CFUe0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- postharvest -gray mold of tomato fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-harvest application of B. subtilis at a concentration of 108/ml CFU reduced postharvest -gray mold of tomato fruit during ripening stages in the greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest B. subtilis raised defense enzyme levels.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Preharvest application of bioagent bacterium B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- levels of B-1, 3-glucanase and Polyphenol oxidasee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preharvest application of bioagent bacterium B. subtilis induced the levels of B-1, 3-glucanase and Polyphenol oxidase, indicating enhanced plant resistance to gray mold.”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity fell relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilist0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease severity was decreased compared with control and extended the shelf life at 25 °C.”
t0“Bacillus subtilis and its bacteriocin on tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Shelf life was extended at 25 °C.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilist0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shelf lifee0
- Direction
- extendede0
- Qualifier
- at 25 °Ce0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease severity was decreased compared with control and extended the shelf life at 25 °C.”
t0“Bacillus subtilis and its bacteriocin on tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of B. subtilis significantly increased PPO and glucanase.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- maturity of ripeninge0
- Treatment
- bio agent bacteriume0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- level of polyphenol oxidase PPO and B-1, 3-glucanasee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The field application of the bio agent bacterium at the maturity of ripening in preharvest had a significant effect on increasing the level of polyphenol oxidase PPO and B-1, 3-glucanase, which are related to the enhancement of plant defenses and resistance.”
t0“Bacillus subtilis and its bacteriocin on tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application increased storage life and reduced postharvest losses.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilist0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- storage lifee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, it led to an increase in storage life and a reduction in post-harvest losses.”
t0“Bacillus subtilis and its bacteriocin on tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application reduced postharvest losses.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilist0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- post-harvest lossese0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, it led to an increase in storage life and a reduction in post-harvest losses.”
t0“Bacillus subtilis and its bacteriocin on tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest Bacillus subtilis improved postharvest tomato fruit quality.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- preharvest application of bio agent bacterium Bacillus subtilise0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- quality of postharvest tomato fruite0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“preharvest application of bio agent bacterium Bacillus subtilis improved the quality of postharvest tomato fruit and significantly reduced gray mold incidence”
t0“Bacillus subtilis and its bacteriocin on tomato fruit”
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