Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play pivotal roles in improving plant stress tolerance. To investigate the mechanism of BR regulation of salt tolerance in kiwifruit, we used ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit as the test material. We exposed the plants to 150 mmol/L NaCl stress and irrigated them with exogenous BR (2,4-epibrassinolide). The phenotypic analysis showed that salt stress significantly inhibited photosynthesis in kiwifruit, leading to a significant increase in the H2O2 content of leaves and roots and a significant increase in Na+/K+, resulting in oxidative damage and an ion imbalance. BR treatment resulted in enhanced photosynthesis, reduced H2O2 content, and reduced Na+/K+ in leaves, alleviating the salt stress injury. Furthermore, transcriptome enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to BR treatment are involved in pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and plant hormone signal transduction, among others. Among the DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction, those with the highest expression were involved in abscisic acid signal transduction. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the expression of the AcHKT1 gene, which regulates ion transduction, and the antioxidant enzyme AcFSD2 gene, which is a key gene for improving salt tolerance. The data suggest that BRs can improve salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly inhibited photosynthesis in kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosae0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress significantly inhibited photosynthesis in kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly increased H2O2 in kiwifruit leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit”
e0“a significant increase in the H2O2 content of leaves and roots”
e1“salt stress significantly inhibited photosynthesis in kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly increased Na+/K+ in kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- Na+/K+e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit”
e0“a significant increase in Na+/K+”
e1“salt stress significantly inhibited photosynthesis in kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment enhanced photosynthesis in salt-stressed kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit”
e0“BR treatment resulted in enhanced photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment reduced H2O2 content in salt-stressed kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente0
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit”
e0“BR treatment resulted in enhanced photosynthesis, reduced H2O2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment reduced leaf Na+/K+ in salt-stressed kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit”
e0“BR treatment resulted in enhanced photosynthesis, reduced H2O2 content, and reduced Na+/K+ in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
BR-related differentially expressed genes were enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and plant hormone signaling pathways.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to BR treatment are involved in pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and plant hormone signal transductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit”
e0“the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to BR treatment are involved in pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and plant hormone signal transduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Among hormone signaling DEGs, those with highest expression were involved in abscisic acid signaling.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Outcome
- highest expression were involved in abscisic acid signal transductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit”
e0“Among the DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction, those with the highest expression were involved in abscisic acid signal transduction.”
Claim · model-written summary
AcHKT1 expression increased significantly.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Gene
- AcHKT1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit”
e0“a significant increase in the expression of the AcHKT1 gene”
Claim · model-written summary
AcFSD2 expression increased significantly.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Gene
- AcFSD2e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit”
e0“a significant increase in the expression of the AcHKT1 gene, which regulates ion transduction, and the antioxidant enzyme AcFSD2 gene”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest BRs improve kiwifruit salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- BRse0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- regulating ion homeostasis and reducing oxidative stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit”
e0“BRs can improve salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress”
The same questions in other papers
brassinolide · physiology: oxidative · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · physiology: ion balance · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.