Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during Pre Kharif seasons (February to May) of 2013 and 2014 at the In- structional Farm, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal to evaluate the growth, yield and economics of maize (Zea mays L.) under moisture conservation and nutrient-management practices. Among the moisture-conservation practices, irrigation resulted in the highest yield attributes such as cob length, cob girth, 100-grain weight, cob/plant, grain/cob, rows/cob and grain weight/cob, leading to the highest grain yield (4.35 t/ha), stover yield (12.0 t/ha), harvest index (26.4%), water-use efficiency (0.11 kg/ha/mm), net returns (30.1 103 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.19). Application of irrigation significantly increased the plant height (218 cm at harvesting), leaf-area index [4.41 at 75 days after sowing (DAS)], dry-matter accumulation (1,203 g/m2 at harvest- ing), crop-growth rate (20.2 g/g/m2 at 6175 DAS), nitrogen (89.9 kg/ha), phosphorus (54.3 kg/ha) and potassium (104.1 kg/ha) uptake. Among the nutrient management practices, the highest plant height (216 cm at harvesting), leaf-area index (4.26 at 75 DAS), dry-matter accumulation (1,167 g/m2 at harvest), crop-growth rate (19.5 g/g/m2 at 6175 DAS), grain yield (4.21 t/ha), stover yield (11.7 t/ha), harvest index (26.3%), nitrogen (90.3 kg/ha), phos- phorus (51.5 kg/ha), potassium (99.4 kg/ha) uptake, net returns (25.8 103 /ha) and water-use efficiency (0.10 kg/ha-mm) were recorded under treatment receiving 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/ha but the highest benefit: cost ratio (0.98) was recorded under 100% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter (N ). Our result showed that maize grown with irrigation and sup- 2 plied with 75% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/ha (N ) proved the best for obtaining overall 3 gain on a sustainable basis.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation gave the highest yield attributes.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation resulted in the highest yield attributes such as cob length, cob girth, 100-grain weight, cob/plant, grain/cob, rows/cob and grain weight/cob”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“moisture-conservation practices, irrigation resulted”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation gave the highest grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation resulted in the highest yield attributes such as cob length, cob girth, 100-grain weight, cob/plant, grain/cob, rows/cob and grain weight/cob, leading to the highest grain yield (4.35 t/ha)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“moisture-conservation practices, irrigation resulted”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation gave the highest stover yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stover yield (12.0 t/ha)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“moisture-conservation practices, irrigation resulted”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation gave the highest harvest index.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“harvest index (26.4%)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“moisture-conservation practices, irrigation resulted”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation gave the highest water-use efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water-use efficiency (0.11 kg/ha/mm)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“moisture-conservation practices, irrigation resulted”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation gave the highest net returns.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net returns (30.1 103 /ha)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“moisture-conservation practices, irrigation resulted”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation gave the highest benefit: cost ratio.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“benefit: cost ratio (1.19).”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“moisture-conservation practices, irrigation resulted”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation significantly increased plant height.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of irrigation significantly increased the plant height (218 cm at harvesting)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Application of irrigation significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation significantly increased leaf-area index.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf-area index [4.41 at 75 days after sowing (DAS)]”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Application of irrigation significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation significantly increased dry-matter accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry-matter accumulation (1,203 g/m2 at harvest- ing)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Application of irrigation significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation significantly increased crop-growth rate.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crop-growth rate (20.2 g/g/m2 at 6175 DAS)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Application of irrigation significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation significantly increased nitrogen (89.9 kg/ha), phosphorus (54.3 kg/ha) and potassium (104.1 kg/ha) uptake.
- Treatment
- irrigatione1
- Outcome
- nitrogen (89.9 kg/ha), phosphorus (54.3 kg/ha) and potassium (104.1 kg/ha) uptakee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen (89.9 kg/ha), phosphorus (54.3 kg/ha) and potassium (104.1 kg/ha) uptake.”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Application of irrigation significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The nutrient treatment gave the highest plant height.
- Treatment
- 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/hae1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 216 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest plant height (216 cm at harvesting)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The nutrient treatment gave the highest grain yield.
- Treatment
- 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/hae1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 4.21 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield (4.21 t/ha)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The nutrient treatment gave the highest stover yield.
- Treatment
- 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/hae1
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 11.7 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stover yield (11.7 t/ha)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The nutrient treatment gave the highest nitrogen.
- Treatment
- 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/hae1
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 90.3 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen (90.3 kg/ha)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The nutrient treatment gave the highest net returns.
- Treatment
- 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/hae1
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 25.8 103 /hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net returns (25.8 103 /ha)”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
e1“75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF plus PSB and Azotobacter treatment gave the highest benefit to cost ratio.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest benefit: cost ratio (0.98) was recorded under 100% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended irrigation with 75% RDF, PSB, Azotobacter and vermicompost.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize grown with irrigation and sup- 2 plied with 75% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/ha (N ) proved the best for obtaining overall 3 gain on a sustainable basis.”
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See all 306 papers →8 of 16 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.