Abstract
Stilbenes are a group of plant phenolic secondary metabolites, with trans-resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) being recognized as the most prominent and studied member. Stilbenes have a great potential for use in agriculture and medicine, as they have significant activities against plant pathogens and have valuable beneficial effects on human health. In this study, we analyzed the effects of direct application of stilbenes, stilbene precursor, and stilbene-rich extract solutions to the plant foliar surface for increasing the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to various abiotic stresses (heat, cold, drought, and soil salinity). Exogenous treatment of A. thaliana with stilbenes (trans-resveratrol, piceid, and spruce bark extract) and phenolic precursor (p-coumaric acid or CA) during germination resulted in considerable growth retardation of A. thaliana plants: a strong delay in the root and stem length of 1-week-old seedlings (in 1.3–4.5 fold) and rosette diameter of 1-month-old plants (in 1.2–1.8 fold), while the 2-month-old treated plants were not significantly different in size from the control. Plant treatments with stilbenes and CA increased the resistance of A. thaliana to heat and, to a lesser extent, to soil salinity (only t-resveratrol and spruce extract) to drought (only CA), while cold resistance was not affected. Plant treatments with stilbenes and CA resulted in a significant increase in plant resistance and survival rates under heat, with plants showing 1.5–2.3 times higher survival rates compared to untreated plants. Thus, exogenous stilbenes and a CA are able to improve plant survival under certain abiotic stresses via specific activation of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and some stress-related genes. The present work provides new insights into the application of stilbenes to improve plant stress tolerance.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Treating A. thaliana with stilbenes and p-coumaric acid during germination delayed root and stem length of 1-week-old seedlings by 1.3-4.5 fold.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Organ / stage
- 1-week-old seedlingse1
- Treatment
- stilbenes (trans-resveratrol, piceid, and spruce bark extract) and phenolic precursor (p-coumaric acid or CA)e0
- Outcome
- root and stem lengthe1
- Direction
- delaye1
- Value
- 1.3–4.5 folde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous treatment of A. thaliana with stilbenes (trans-resveratrol, piceid, and spruce bark extract) and phenolic precursor (p-coumaric acid or CA) during germination”
e1“a strong delay in the root and stem length of 1-week-old seedlings (in 1.3–4.5 fold)”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatments delayed rosette diameter of 1-month-old A. thaliana plants by 1.2-1.8 fold.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- 1-month-old plantse1
- Treatment
- stilbenes (trans-resveratrol, piceid, and spruce bark extract) and phenolic precursor (p-coumaric acid or CA)e0
- Outcome
- rosette diametere1
- Value
- 1.2–1.8 folde1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous treatment of A. thaliana with stilbenes (trans-resveratrol, piceid, and spruce bark extract) and phenolic precursor (p-coumaric acid or CA) during germination”
e1“rosette diameter of 1-month-old plants (in 1.2–1.8 fold)”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2-month-old treated plants were not significantly different in size from the control.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- 2-month-olde0
- Treatment
- treatede0
- Outcome
- sizee0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 2-month-old treated plants were not significantly different in size from the control”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with t-resveratrol and spruce extract increased resistance to soil salinity, to a lesser extent than to heat.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- t-resveratrol and spruce extracte0
- Outcome
- soil salinitye0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to a lesser extent, to soil salinity (only t-resveratrol and spruce extract)”
e1“Plant treatments with stilbenes and CA increased the resistance of A. thaliana to heat”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with CA only increased resistance to drought.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- droughte0
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to drought (only CA)”
e1“Plant treatments with stilbenes and CA increased the resistance of A. thaliana to heat”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Stilbene and CA treatments significantly increased resistance and survival under heat, with 1.5-2.3 times higher survival than untreated plants.
Verbatim
e0“Plant treatments with stilbenes and CA resulted in a significant increase in plant resistance and survival rates under heat, with plants showing 1.5–2.3 times higher survival rates compared to untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that exogenous stilbenes and CA improve survival under certain abiotic stresses via activation of genes in auxin, gibberellin and abscisic acid biosynthesis and some stress-related genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- exogenous stilbenes and a CAe0
- Gene
- genes involved in the biosynthesis of auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- plant survival under certain abiotic stressese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous stilbenes and a CA are able to improve plant survival under certain abiotic stresses via specific activation of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and some stress-related genes”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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