Abstract
Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint affecting agricultural production systems. Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants. This work was aimed to reveal the mechanistic basis of amelioration of detrimental effects of salinity on plant performance by boron. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants were exposed to different boron (H3BO3, from 0 to 1 mM) and salt (NaCl, 0 and 100 mM) treatments demonstrating salt-tolerant phenotype in the presence of B. This was manifested by the significant increase in leaf and root fresh weight, enhanced CO2 assimilation, intercellular CO2 concentration, and stomatal conductance. A significant reduction in root and shoot Na content combined with higher amounts of K+ in the presence of B provided more optimal tissue K+/Na+ ratios. At the cellular level, B-treated roots showed stronger stimulation of H+-ATPase by NaCl (using net H+ flux as a proxy) and could maintain more negative membrane potential. This enhanced cytosolic potassium retention (by reducing GORK-mediated K+ loss) and provided a driving force for the operation of SOS1 Na+/H+ exchanger explaining whole-plant ionomics data. Boron also affected the sensitivity of K+- and Ca2+- permeable ion channels to reactive oxygen species. Significantly less root K+ loss but more root Ca2+ uptake was observed for +B plants in response to H2O2, indicating the desensitization of K+- permeable channels and the cell type-specific Ca2+- permeable transporters to H2O2, and the role of B in their regulation. Overall, B availability resulted in better salt tolerance in barley, which could be a suitable alternative to crop breeding aimed at enhancing salt tolerance.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Boron-treated salt-stressed barley showed a salt-tolerant phenotype.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- borone0
- Outcome
- salt-tolerant phenotypee0
- Qualifier
- in the presence of Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants were exposed to different boron (H3BO3, from 0 to 1 mM) and salt (NaCl, 0 and 100 mM) treatments demonstrating salt-tolerant phenotype in the presence of B.”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron significantly increased barley leaf and root fresh weight under salinity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- boront0
- Outcome
- leaf and root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was manifested by the significant increase in leaf and root fresh weight, enhanced CO2 assimilation, intercellular CO2 concentration, and stomatal conductance.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron enhanced CO2 assimilation, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance in salt-stressed barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- boront0
- Outcome
- CO2 assimilation, intercellular CO2 concentration, and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was manifested by the significant increase in leaf and root fresh weight, enhanced CO2 assimilation, intercellular CO2 concentration, and stomatal conductance.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron significantly reduced root and shoot Na content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- root and shoot Na contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant reduction in root and shoot Na content combined with higher amounts of K+ in the presence of B provided more optimal tissue K+/Na+ ratios.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron increased K+ amounts and improved tissue K+/Na+ ratios.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- K+e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant reduction in root and shoot Na content combined with higher amounts of K+ in the presence of B provided more optimal tissue K+/Na+ ratios.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron-treated roots showed stronger NaCl stimulation of H+-ATPase.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- B-treatede0
- Gene
- H+-ATPasee0
- Outcome
- stimulation of H+-ATPasee0
- Direction
- strongere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the cellular level, B-treated roots showed stronger stimulation of H+-ATPase by NaCl (using net H+ flux as a proxy) and could maintain more negative membrane potential.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron-treated roots maintained a more negative membrane potential.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- B-treatede0
- Outcome
- membrane potentiale0
- Direction
- more negativee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the cellular level, B-treated roots showed stronger stimulation of H+-ATPase by NaCl (using net H+ flux as a proxy) and could maintain more negative membrane potential.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The cellular response enhanced cytosolic potassium retention by reducing GORK-mediated K+ loss.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- GORKe0
- Outcome
- cytosolic potassium retentione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- by reducing GORK-mediated K+ losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This enhanced cytosolic potassium retention (by reducing GORK-mediated K+ loss) and provided a driving force for the operation of SOS1 Na+/H+ exchanger explaining whole-plant ionomics data.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The response provided a driving force for SOS1 Na+/H+ exchange.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- SOS1 Na+/H+ exchangere0
- Outcome
- operation of SOS1 Na+/H+ exchangere0
- Qualifier
- provided a driving forcee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This enhanced cytosolic potassium retention (by reducing GORK-mediated K+ loss) and provided a driving force for the operation of SOS1 Na+/H+ exchanger explaining whole-plant ionomics data.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron affected the sensitivity of potassium- and calcium-permeable channels to reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Borone0
- Outcome
- sensitivity of K+- and Ca2+- permeable ion channels to reactive oxygen speciese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boron also affected the sensitivity of K+- and Ca2+- permeable ion channels to reactive oxygen species.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron-treated roots lost significantly less potassium in response to H2O2.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- +Be0
- Outcome
- root K+ losse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- in response to H2O2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly less root K+ loss but more root Ca2+ uptake was observed for +B plants in response to H2O2, indicating the desensitization of K+- permeable channels and the cell type-specific Ca2+- permeable transporters to H2O2, and the role of B in their regulation.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron-treated roots showed more calcium uptake in response to H2O2.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- +Be0
- Outcome
- root Ca2+ uptakee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- in response to H2O2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly less root K+ loss but more root Ca2+ uptake was observed for +B plants in response to H2O2, indicating the desensitization of K+- permeable channels and the cell type-specific Ca2+- permeable transporters to H2O2, and the role of B in their regulation.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that boron desensitizes potassium-permeable channels and cell-type-specific calcium transporters to H2O2.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- desensitization of K+- permeable channels and the cell type-specific Ca2+- permeable transporters to H2O2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating the desensitization of K+- permeable channels and the cell type-specific Ca2+- permeable transporters to H2O2, and the role of B in their regulation.”
t0“boron on salinity in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest boron availability as an alternative means to improve barley salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- B availabilitye0
- Outcome
- suitable alternative to crop breeding aimed at enhancing salt tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, B availability resulted in better salt tolerance in barley, which could be a suitable alternative to crop breeding aimed at enhancing salt tolerance.”
The same questions in other papers
boron atom · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →boron atom · nutrient: content · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.