Abstract
Herbivorous insects have evolved metabolic strategies to survive the challenges posed by plant secondary metabolites (SMs). This study reports an exploration of SMs present in pears, which serve as a defense against invasive Cydia pomonella and native Grapholita molesta and their counter-defense response. The feeding preferences of fruit borers are influenced by the softening of two pear varieties as they ripen. The content of SMs, such as quercetin and rutin, increases due to feeding by fruit borers. Notably, quercetin levels only increase after C. pomonella feeding. The consumption of SMs affects the growth of fruit borer population differently, potentially due to the activation of P450 genes by SMs. These two fruit borers are equipped with specific P450 enzymes that specialize in metabolizing quercetin and rutin, enabling them to adapt to these SMs in their host fruits. These findings provide valuable insights into the coevolution of plants and herbivorous insects.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Ripening-related softening of two pear varieties influenced fruit-borer feeding preferences.
- Taxon
- pear
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise0 - Organ / stage
- as they ripene0
- Interactor
- fruit borerse0herbivore
- Outcome
- feeding preferences of fruit borerse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The feeding preferences of fruit borers are influenced by the softening of two pear varieties as they ripen”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit-borer feeding increased pear quercetin content.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communise1
- Treatment
- feeding by fruit borerse0
- Interactor
- fruit borerse0herbivore
- Outcome
- content of SMs, such as quercetine0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of SMs, such as quercetin and rutin, increases due to feeding by fruit borers”
e1“The feeding preferences of fruit borers are influenced by the softening of two pear varieties as they ripen”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit-borer feeding increased pear rutin content.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communise1
- Treatment
- feeding by fruit borerse0
- Interactor
- fruit borerse0herbivore
- Outcome
- rutine0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of SMs, such as quercetin and rutin, increases due to feeding by fruit borers”
e1“The feeding preferences of fruit borers are influenced by the softening of two pear varieties as they ripen”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercetin increased only after C. pomonella feeding.
- Treatment
- C. pomonella feedinge0
- Interactor
- C. pomonella
Cydia pomonellae0herbivore - Outcome
- quercetin levelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
PyrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“quercetin levels only increase after C. pomonella feeding”
e1“SMs present in pears”
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary-metabolite consumption affected fruit-borer population growth differently.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The consumption of SMs affects the growth of fruit borer population differently”
e1“SMs present in pears”
Claim · model-written summary
The two fruit borers possess P450 enzymes specialized in quercetin and rutin metabolism.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These two fruit borers are equipped with specific P450 enzymes that specialize in metabolizing quercetin and rutin”
e1“SMs present in pears”
The same questions in other papers
infection · molecular: metabolites · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.