Abstract
Plant growth indicators (GIs) are important for evaluating how different genotypes respond to normal and stress conditions separately. They consider both the morphological and physiological components of plants between two successive growth stages. Despite their significance, GIs are not commonly used as screening criteria for detecting salt tolerance of genotypes. In this study, 36 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) along with four genotypes differing in their salt tolerance were grown under normal and 150 mM NaCl in a two-year field trial. The performance and salt tolerance of these germplasms were assessed through various GIs. The analysis of variance showed highly significant variation between salinity levels, genotypes, and their interaction for all GIs and other traits in each year and combined data for two years, with a few exceptions. All traits and GIs were significantly reduced by salinity stress, except for relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and specific leaf weight (SLW), which increased under salinity conditions. Traits and GIs were more correlated with each other under salinity than under normal conditions. Principal component analysis organized traits and GIs into three main groups under both conditions, with RGR, NAR, and specific leaf area (SLA) closely associated with grain yield (GY) and harvest index, while leaf area duration (LAD) was closely associated with green leaf area (GLA), plant dry weight (PDW), and leaf area index (LAI). A hierarchical clustering heatmap based on GIs and traits organized germplasms into three and four groups under normal and salinity conditions, respectively. Based on the values of traits and GIs for each group, the germplasms varied from high- to low-performing groups under normal conditions and from salt-tolerant to salt-sensitive groups under salinity conditions. RGR, NAR, and LAD were important factors determining genotypic variation in GY of high- and low-performing groups, while all GIs, except leaf area duration (LAR), were major factors describing genotypic variation in GY of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive groups. In conclusion, different GIs that reveal the relationship between the morphological and physiological components of genotypes could serve as valuable selection criteria for evaluating the performance of genotypes under normal conditions and their salt tolerance under salinity stress conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Highly significant variation was found among salinity levels, genotypes and their interaction for all growth indicators and other traits in wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- variation between salinity levels, genotypes, and their interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“The analysis of variance showed highly significant variation between salinity levels, genotypes, and their interaction for all GIs and other traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress significantly reduced all traits and growth indicators in wheat compared with normal conditions, with exceptions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- All traits and GIse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- normale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“All traits and GIs were significantly reduced by salinity stress”
e1“grown under normal and 150 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and specific leaf weight increased under salinity in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinity conditionse0
- Outcome
- relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and specific leaf weight (SLW)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- normale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“except for relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and specific leaf weight (SLW), which increased under salinity conditions”
e1“grown under normal and 150 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Traits and growth indicators in wheat were more correlated with each other under salinity than under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- correlated with each othere0
- Direction
- more correlatede0
- Comparator
- normal conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“Traits and GIs were more correlated with each other under salinity than under normal conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
In principal component analysis, RGR, NAR and specific leaf area were closely associated with grain yield and harvest index in wheat under both normal and salinity conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- closely associated with grain yield (GY) and harvest indexe0
- Setting
- under both conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“under both conditions, with RGR, NAR, and specific leaf area (SLA) closely associated with grain yield (GY) and harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
In principal component analysis, leaf area duration was closely associated with green leaf area, plant dry weight and leaf area index in wheat under both conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- closely associated with green leaf area (GLA), plant dry weight (PDW), and leaf area index (LAI)e1
- Setting
- under both conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“under both conditions”
e1“leaf area duration (LAD) was closely associated with green leaf area (GLA), plant dry weight (PDW), and leaf area index (LAI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hierarchical clustering based on growth indicators and traits organized the wheat germplasms into three groups under normal conditions and four groups under salinity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- organized germplasms into three and four groupse0
- Setting
- under normal and salinity conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“organized germplasms into three and four groups under normal and salinity conditions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
RGR, NAR and LAD were important factors determining genotypic variation in grain yield of the high- and low-performing wheat groups.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- genotypic variation in GYe0
- Comparator
- high- and low-performing groupse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“RGR, NAR, and LAD were important factors determining genotypic variation in GY of high- and low-performing groups”
Claim · model-written summary
All growth indicators except leaf area duration were major factors describing genotypic variation in grain yield of the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive wheat groups.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- genotypic variation in GYe0
- Comparator
- salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive groupse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“all GIs, except leaf area duration (LAR), were major factors describing genotypic variation in GY of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive groups”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that growth indicators could serve as valuable selection criteria for genotype performance under normal conditions and salt tolerance under salinity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- valuable selection criteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“different GIs that reveal the relationship between the morphological and physiological components of genotypes could serve as valuable selection criteria for evaluating the performance of genotypes under normal conditions and their salt tolerance under salinity stress conditions”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
48 papers in the same direction as this paper · 327 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
373 papers more in this group
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