Abstract
Abstract The knowledge of proper fertigation across various irrigation levels is necessary for maximizing peanut yield and irrigation use efficiency in arid areas, and it also can effectively alleviate the risk of nutrient deficiency induced by water stress. This study evaluated the effectiveness of cobalt combined with two zinc application methods on peanut nutrient uptake, yield, and irrigation water use efficiency across varying irrigation levels. A split-split plot experiment was carried out in 2021 and 2022. Three peanut gross water requirement (GWR) levels (100%, 80%, and 60%) were designated for main plots. Subplots featured plants treated with either 0 or 7.5 mg L −1 of cobalt. The sub-sub plots assessed chelated zinc effects at rates of 0 and 2 g L −1 via foliar and soil applications. In comparison to the control (100% GWR), nutrient uptake decreased, with sodium being the exception, and there was an increase in soil pH at 60% GWR. The results showed also significant reductions in yield and water use by approximately 60.3% and 38.1%, respectively. At this irrigation level, applying zinc via soil, either alone or combined with cobalt, led to significant yield increases of 89.7% and 191.3% relative to the control. Also, it’s crucial to note that cobalt application negatively affected iron and copper at 60% GWR, but this impact was lessened with soil-applied zinc. Hence, under a similar circumstance, treating stressed peanut plants with additional foliar applications of iron + copper and applying zinc via soil, could enhance nutrient uptake and improve yield. On the other hand, at 80% GWR, a combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalt, had a tremendous impact on the absorption of (nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc), resulting in enhanced agronomic traits and decreased water losses. Additionally, at this irrigation level, foliar zinc application alone yielded a 32.4% increase compared to the 80% GWR control. When combined with cobalt, there was a 70.0% surge in water use. Based on this knowledge, the study suggests using 80% GWR and treating peanut plants with a combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalt. This strategy aids plants in countering the adverse effects of water stress, ultimately leading to enhanced yield and irrigation water use efficiency.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
At 60% GWR nutrient uptake declined except sodium relative to 100% GWR.
- Taxon
- peanuts
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- 60% GWRe0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- sodium being the exceptione0
- Comparator
- 100% GWRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to the control (100% GWR), nutrient uptake decreased, with sodium being the exception, and there was an increase in soil pH at 60% GWR.”
t0“peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH rose at 60% GWR compared with 100% GWR.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 60% GWRe0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- 100% GWRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to the control (100% GWR), nutrient uptake decreased, with sodium being the exception, and there was an increase in soil pH at 60% GWR.”
t0“peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60% GWR yield fell approximately 60.3%.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 60% GWRe1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 60.3%e0
- Comparator
- 100% GWRe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed also significant reductions in yield and water use by approximately 60.3% and 38.1%, respectively.”
t0“peanuts”
e1“In comparison to the control (100% GWR), nutrient uptake decreased, with sodium being the exception, and there was an increase in soil pH at 60% GWR.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60% GWR water use fell approximately 38.1%.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 60% GWRe1
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 38.1%e0
- Comparator
- 100% GWRe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed also significant reductions in yield and water use by approximately 60.3% and 38.1%, respectively.”
t0“peanuts”
e1“In comparison to the control (100% GWR), nutrient uptake decreased, with sodium being the exception, and there was an increase in soil pH at 60% GWR.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc alone increased yield 89.7% at 60% GWR.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- zinc via soile0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 89.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At this irrigation level, applying zinc via soil, either alone or combined with cobalt, led to significant yield increases of 89.7% and 191.3% relative to the control.”
t0“peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc combined with cobalt increased yield 191.3% at 60% GWR.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- zinc via soil, either alone or combined with cobalte0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 191.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At this irrigation level, applying zinc via soil, either alone or combined with cobalt, led to significant yield increases of 89.7% and 191.3% relative to the control.”
t0“peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt negatively affected iron and copper at 60% GWR.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- cobalt applicatione0
- Outcome
- iron and coppere0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cobalt application negatively affected iron and copper at 60% GWR, but this impact was lessened with soil-applied zinc.”
t0“peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc lessened cobalt’s adverse effect on iron and copper at 60% GWR.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- soil-applied zince0
- Outcome
- impacte0
- Direction
- lessenede0
- Comparator
- cobalt applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cobalt application negatively affected iron and copper at 60% GWR, but this impact was lessened with soil-applied zinc.”
t0“peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80% GWR, foliar zinc and cobalt enhanced uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalte0
- Outcome
- absorption of (nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 80% GWR, a combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalt, had a tremendous impact on the absorption of (nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc), resulting in enhanced agronomic traits and decreased water losses.”
t0“peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80% GWR foliar zinc and cobalt enhanced agronomic traits.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalte0
- Outcome
- agronomic traitse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 80% GWR, a combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalt, had a tremendous impact on the absorption of (nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc), resulting in enhanced agronomic traits and decreased water losses.”
t0“peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80% GWR foliar zinc and cobalt decreased water losses.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalte0
- Outcome
- water lossese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 80% GWR, a combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalt, had a tremendous impact on the absorption of (nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc), resulting in enhanced agronomic traits and decreased water losses.”
t0“peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80% GWR foliar zinc alone increased yield by 32.4%.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- foliar zinc application alonee0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 32.4%e0
- Comparator
- 80% GWR controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at this irrigation level, foliar zinc application alone yielded a 32.4% increase compared to the 80% GWR control.”
t0“peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
With cobalt, water use surged 70.0%.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- combined with cobalte0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- surgee0
- Value
- 70.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When combined with cobalt, there was a 70.0% surge in water use.”
t0“peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
The study recommends 80% GWR with foliar zinc and cobalt for peanut production.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- using 80% GWR and treating peanut plants with a combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the study suggests using 80% GWR and treating peanut plants with a combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalt.”
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