Abstract
Abstract Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is an undesirable trait that decreases yield and quality in rice production. Understanding the genes and regulatory mechanisms underlying PHS is of great significance for breeding PHS-resistant rice. In this study, we identified a mutant, preharvest sprouting 39 ( phs39 ), that exhibited an obvious PHS phenotype in the field. MutMap + analysis and transgenic experiments demonstrated that OsAAH , which encodes allantoate amidohydrolase, is the causal gene of phs39 and is essential for PHS resistance. OsAAH was highly expressed in roots and leaves at the heading stage and gradually increased and then weakly declined in the seed developmental stage. OsAAH protein was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, with a function of hydrolyzing allantoate in vitro. Disruption of OsAAH increased the levels of ureides (allantoate and allantoin) and activated the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and thus increased energy levels in developing seeds. Additionally, the disruption of OsAAH significantly increased asparagine, arginine, and lysine levels, decreased tryptophan levels, and decreased levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Our findings revealed that the OsAAH of ureide catabolism is involved in the regulation of rice PHS via energy and hormone metabolisms, which will help to facilitate the breeding of rice PHS-resistant varieties.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The phs39 mutant exhibited preharvest sprouting in the field.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- preharvest sprouting 39 ( phs39 )e0
- Outcome
- obvious PHS phenotypee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a mutant, preharvest sprouting 39 ( phs39 ), that exhibited an obvious PHS phenotype in the field”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MutMap+ and transgenic experiments identified OsAAH as the causal gene of phs39 and essential for PHS resistance.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- phs39e0
- Gene
- OsAAHe0
- Outcome
- PHS resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsAAH , which encodes allantoate amidohydrolase, is the causal gene of phs39 and is essential for PHS resistance”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsAAH expression was high in roots and leaves at heading.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Gene
- OsAAHe0
- Outcome
- highly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsAAH was highly expressed in roots and leaves at the heading stage”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsAAH expression rose and then weakly declined during seed development.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seed developmental stagee0
- Gene
- OsAAHt0
- Outcome
- increased and then weakly declinede0
- Direction
- increased and then weakly declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gradually increased and then weakly declined in the seed developmental stage”
t0“Allantoate Amidohydrolase OsAAH is Essential for Preharvest Sprouting Resistance in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsAAH protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsAAH proteine0
- Outcome
- localized to the endoplasmic reticulume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsAAH protein was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsAAH hydrolyzed allantoate in vitro.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsAAHt0
- Outcome
- hydrolyzing allantoatee0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a function of hydrolyzing allantoate in vitro”
t0“Allantoate Amidohydrolase OsAAH is Essential for Preharvest Sprouting Resistance in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of OsAAH increased ureide levels in developing seeds.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsAAHe0
- Gene
- OsAAHe0
- Outcome
- levels of ureides (allantoate and allantoin)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of OsAAH increased the levels of ureides (allantoate and allantoin)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of OsAAH activated the TCA cycle.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsAAHe0
- Gene
- OsAAHe0
- Outcome
- tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cyclee0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of OsAAH increased the levels of ureides (allantoate and allantoin) and activated the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of OsAAH increased energy levels in developing seeds.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- developing seedse0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsAAHe0
- Gene
- OsAAHe0
- Outcome
- energy levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of OsAAH increased the levels of ureides (allantoate and allantoin) and activated the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and thus increased energy levels in developing seeds”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of OsAAH increased asparagine, arginine, and lysine levels.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- disruption of OsAAHe0
- Gene
- OsAAHe0
- Outcome
- asparagine, arginine, and lysine levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the disruption of OsAAH significantly increased asparagine, arginine, and lysine levels”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of OsAAH decreased tryptophan levels.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- disruption of OsAAHe0
- Gene
- OsAAHt0
- Outcome
- tryptophan levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the disruption of OsAAH significantly increased asparagine, arginine, and lysine levels, decreased tryptophan levels”
t0“Allantoate Amidohydrolase OsAAH is Essential for Preharvest Sprouting Resistance in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of OsAAH decreased IAA and ABA levels.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- disruption of OsAAHe0
- Gene
- OsAAHt0
- Outcome
- levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the disruption of OsAAH significantly increased asparagine, arginine, and lysine levels, decreased tryptophan levels, and decreased levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA)”
t0“Allantoate Amidohydrolase OsAAH is Essential for Preharvest Sprouting Resistance in Rice”
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