Abstract
Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is an unfavorable trait in cereal crops and causes serious yield loss. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PHS remains largely elusive. Here, we identified a member of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase family, OsNCED3, which regulates PHS and grain development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsNCED3 encodes a chloroplast-localized abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic enzyme highly expressed in the embryo of developing seeds. Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis led to a lower ABA and higher gibberellic acid (GA) levels (thus a skewed ABA/GA ratio) in the embryo, promoting embryos growth and breaking seed dormancy before seed maturity and harvest, thus decreased seed dormancy and enhanced PHS in rice. However, the overexpression of OsNCED3 enhanced PHS resistance by regulating proper ABA/GA ratio in the embryo. Intriguingly, the overexpression of OsNCED3 resulted in increased grain size and weight, whereas the disruption of OsNCED3 function decreased grain size and weight. Nucleotide diversity analyses suggested that OsNCED3 may be selected during japonica populations adaptation of seed dormancy and germination. Taken together, we have identified a new OsNCED regulator involved rice PHS and grain development, and provide a potential target gene for improving PHS resistance and grain development in rice.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
OsNCED3 is a chloroplast-localized ABA biosynthetic enzyme expressed highly in developing seed embryos.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- embryo of developing seedse0
- Gene
- OsNCED3e0
- Outcome
- chloroplast-localized abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic enzyme highly expressed in the embryo of developing seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“OsNCED3 encodes a chloroplast-localized abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic enzyme highly expressed in the embryo of developing seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsNCED3 disruption lowered embryo ABA.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- embryoe0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesise0
- Gene
- OsNCED3e0
- Outcome
- ABAe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis led to a lower ABA and higher gibberellic acid (GA) levels (thus a skewed ABA/GA ratio) in the embryo, promoting embryos growth and breaking seed dormancy before seed maturity and harvest, thus decreased seed dormancy and enhanced PHS in rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsNCED3 disruption raised embryo GA.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- embryoe0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesise0
- Gene
- OsNCED3e0
- Outcome
- gibberellic acid (GA) levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis led to a lower ABA and higher gibberellic acid (GA) levels (thus a skewed ABA/GA ratio) in the embryo, promoting embryos growth and breaking seed dormancy before seed maturity and harvest, thus decreased seed dormancy and enhanced PHS in rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsNCED3 disruption promoted embryo growth and broke dormancy before maturity and harvest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesise0
- Gene
- OsNCED3e0
- Outcome
- promoting embryos growth and breaking seed dormancy before seed maturity and harveste0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis led to a lower ABA and higher gibberellic acid (GA) levels (thus a skewed ABA/GA ratio) in the embryo, promoting embryos growth and breaking seed dormancy before seed maturity and harvest, thus decreased seed dormancy and enhanced PHS in rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsNCED3 disruption decreased seed dormancy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesise0
- Gene
- OsNCED3e0
- Outcome
- seed dormancye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis led to a lower ABA and higher gibberellic acid (GA) levels (thus a skewed ABA/GA ratio) in the embryo, promoting embryos growth and breaking seed dormancy before seed maturity and harvest, thus decreased seed dormancy and enhanced PHS in rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsNCED3 disruption enhanced preharvest sprouting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesise0
- Gene
- OsNCED3e0
- Outcome
- PHSe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis led to a lower ABA and higher gibberellic acid (GA) levels (thus a skewed ABA/GA ratio) in the embryo, promoting embryos growth and breaking seed dormancy before seed maturity and harvest, thus decreased seed dormancy and enhanced PHS in rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsNCED3 overexpression enhanced preharvest sprouting resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- overexpression of OsNCED3e0
- Gene
- OsNCED3e0
- Outcome
- PHS resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“However, the overexpression of OsNCED3 enhanced PHS resistance by regulating proper ABA/GA ratio in the embryo.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsNCED3 overexpression increased grain size and weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- overexpression of OsNCED3e0
- Gene
- OsNCED3e0
- Outcome
- grain size and weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Intriguingly, the overexpression of OsNCED3 resulted in increased grain size and weight, whereas the disruption of OsNCED3 function decreased grain size and weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsNCED3 disruption decreased grain size and weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- disruption of OsNCED3 functione0
- Gene
- OsNCED3e0
- Outcome
- grain size and weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Intriguingly, the overexpression of OsNCED3 resulted in increased grain size and weight, whereas the disruption of OsNCED3 function decreased grain size and weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nucleotide diversity suggested selection of OsNCED3 during japonica adaptation of dormancy and germination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- japonica populationse0
- Gene
- OsNCED3e0
- Outcome
- adaptation of seed dormancy and germinatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Nucleotide diversity analyses suggested that OsNCED3 may be selected during japonica populations adaptation of seed dormancy and germination.”
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