Paper · 2024 · Applied Ecology and Environmental Research

AMELIORATING THE TOXIC IMPACTS OF SALINITY ON SUDAN GRASS BY EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF SEAWEED EXTRACT, AMINO ACIDS AND NUTRIENTS

A. AKBAR; Q. ZHAO; J. WEI; et al.

9
claims
31
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution on growth and physiological performance of Sudan grass growing under salinity stress.The experiment consisted of different levels of salinity stress 0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM, and 250 mM and exogenous application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients; control, soil application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients and foliar application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients.Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution was found best in ameliorating the toxic effect of salinity on root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots, number of tillers, leaf area, leaf width, leaf length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight.The same treatment also significantly improved in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, phosphate and sulphate contents.On the other hand, foliar spray of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients resulted in maximum phenolics, flavonoids, nitrates, shoot potassium and Akbar et al.: Ameliorating the toxic impacts of salinity on Sudan grass by exogenous application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients -1698 -

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Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution ameliorated the salinity effect on root length, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight, compared with control.

Taxon
Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
Treatment
Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solutione1
Outcome
root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weighte1
Direction
amelioratinge1
Comparator
controle2
Setting
pot experimente3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum x drummondii
Sorghum ×drummondii · TaxonUser:MarkusHagenlocher · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“growth and physiological performance of Sudan grass growing under salinity stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 105–186 · show in text ↑
e1

“Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution was found best in ameliorating the toxic effect of salinity on root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots, number of tillers, leaf area, leaf width, leaf length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 513–816 · show in text ↑
e2

“control, soil application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients and foliar application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–512 · show in text ↑
e3

“A pot experiment was conducted”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–30 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution ameliorated the salinity effect on number of leaves, number of roots and number of tillers, compared with control.

Taxon
Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
Treatment
Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solutione1
Outcome
number of leaves, number of roots, number of tillerse1
Direction
amelioratinge1
Comparator
controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum x drummondii
Sorghum ×drummondii · TaxonUser:MarkusHagenlocher · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“growth and physiological performance of Sudan grass growing under salinity stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 105–186 · show in text ↑
e1

“Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution was found best in ameliorating the toxic effect of salinity on root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots, number of tillers, leaf area, leaf width, leaf length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 513–816 · show in text ↑
e2

“control, soil application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients and foliar application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–512 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution ameliorated the salinity effect on leaf area, leaf width and leaf length, compared with control.

Taxon
Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
Treatment
Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solutione1
Outcome
leaf area, leaf width, leaf lengthe1
Direction
amelioratinge1
Comparator
controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum x drummondii
Sorghum ×drummondii · TaxonUser:MarkusHagenlocher · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“growth and physiological performance of Sudan grass growing under salinity stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 105–186 · show in text ↑
e1

“Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution was found best in ameliorating the toxic effect of salinity on root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots, number of tillers, leaf area, leaf width, leaf length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 513–816 · show in text ↑
e2

“control, soil application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients and foliar application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–512 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution ameliorated the salinity effect on shoot dry weight and root dry weight, compared with control.

Taxon
Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
Treatment
Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solutione1
Outcome
shoot dry weight and root dry weighte1
Direction
amelioratinge1
Comparator
controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum x drummondii
Sorghum ×drummondii · TaxonUser:MarkusHagenlocher · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“growth and physiological performance of Sudan grass growing under salinity stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 105–186 · show in text ↑
e1

“Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution was found best in ameliorating the toxic effect of salinity on root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots, number of tillers, leaf area, leaf width, leaf length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 513–816 · show in text ↑
e2

“control, soil application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients and foliar application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–512 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution significantly improved chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in Sudan grass under salinity.

Taxon
Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
Treatment
Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solutione1
Outcome
chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylle4
Direction
improvede4
Comparator
controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum x drummondii
Sorghum ×drummondii · TaxonUser:MarkusHagenlocher · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“growth and physiological performance of Sudan grass growing under salinity stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 105–186 · show in text ↑
e1

“Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution was found best in ameliorating the toxic effect of salinity on root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots, number of tillers, leaf area, leaf width, leaf length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 513–816 · show in text ↑
e2

“control, soil application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients and foliar application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–512 · show in text ↑
e4

“The same treatment also significantly improved in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, phosphate and sulphate contents”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 817–969 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution significantly improved carotenoids and proline in Sudan grass under salinity.

Taxon
Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
Treatment
Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solutione1
Outcome
carotenoids, prolinee4
Direction
improvede4
Comparator
controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum x drummondii
Sorghum ×drummondii · TaxonUser:MarkusHagenlocher · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“growth and physiological performance of Sudan grass growing under salinity stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 105–186 · show in text ↑
e1

“Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution was found best in ameliorating the toxic effect of salinity on root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots, number of tillers, leaf area, leaf width, leaf length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 513–816 · show in text ↑
e2

“control, soil application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients and foliar application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–512 · show in text ↑
e4

“The same treatment also significantly improved in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, phosphate and sulphate contents”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 817–969 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution significantly improved phosphate and sulphate contents in Sudan grass under salinity.

Taxon
Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
Treatment
Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solutione1
Outcome
phosphate and sulphate contentse4
Direction
improvede4
Comparator
controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum x drummondii
Sorghum ×drummondii · TaxonUser:MarkusHagenlocher · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“growth and physiological performance of Sudan grass growing under salinity stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 105–186 · show in text ↑
e1

“Soil application of seaweed, amino acid and nutrient solution was found best in ameliorating the toxic effect of salinity on root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots, number of tillers, leaf area, leaf width, leaf length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 513–816 · show in text ↑
e2

“control, soil application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients and foliar application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–512 · show in text ↑
e4

“The same treatment also significantly improved in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, phosphate and sulphate contents”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 817–969 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar spray of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients gave maximum phenolics, flavonoids and nitrates in Sudan grass, compared with control.

Taxon
Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
Treatment
foliar spray of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrientse5
Outcome
phenolics, flavonoids, nitratese5
Direction
maximume5
Comparator
controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum x drummondii
Sorghum ×drummondii · TaxonUser:MarkusHagenlocher · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“growth and physiological performance of Sudan grass growing under salinity stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 105–186 · show in text ↑
e2

“control, soil application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients and foliar application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–512 · show in text ↑
e5

“foliar spray of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients resulted in maximum phenolics, flavonoids, nitrates, shoot potassium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 989–1116 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar spray of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients gave maximum shoot potassium in Sudan grass, compared with control.

Taxon
Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
Treatment
foliar spray of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrientse5
Outcome
shoot potassiume5
Direction
maximume5
Comparator
controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum x drummondii
Sorghum ×drummondii · TaxonUser:MarkusHagenlocher · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“growth and physiological performance of Sudan grass growing under salinity stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 105–186 · show in text ↑
e2

“control, soil application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients and foliar application of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–512 · show in text ↑
e5

“foliar spray of seaweed extract, amino acids and nutrients resulted in maximum phenolics, flavonoids, nitrates, shoot potassium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 989–1116 · show in text ↑

amino acid · yield · Sorghum x drummondii (Sudan grass)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

other · growth · Sorghum x drummondii (Sudan grass)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 2 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

fertilization · growth · Sorghum x drummondii (Sudan grass)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 6 positive, 1 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

fertilization · yield · Sorghum x drummondii (Sudan grass)Positive and negative results

31 papers: 29 positive, 2 negative or no effect

28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. positive

27 papers more in this group

See all 31 papers →

application · yield · Sorghum x drummondii (Sudan grass)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

fertilization · physiology: pigments · Sorghum x drummondii (Sudan grass)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

application · growth · Sorghum x drummondii (Sudan grass)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Sorghum x drummondii (Sudan grass)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.