Abstract
To comprehensively explore the physio-biochemical and molecular changes of paclobutrazol (PBZ) at the ideal dose under water deficit stress (WDS) conditions, we investigated the effects of 100 mg/kg PBZ applied via drenching on various physio-biochemical and molecular parameters in three rice varieties (N22, IR64, and IR64 DTY1.1) under both mild [75%‒80% relative water content (RWC)] and severe (60%‒65% RWC) WDS conditions. The results showed that PBZ treatment positively influenced the physio-biochemical parameters, significantly increasing dry matter (16.27%‒61.91%), RWC (6.48%‒ 16.34%), membrane stability index (4.37%‒10.35%), and total chlorophyll content (8.97%‒29.09%) in the rice varieties under both mild and severe WDS. Moreover, PBZ treatment reduced drought susceptibility (0.83‒0.95) and enhanced drought tolerance efficiency (60.92%‒86.78%), indicating its potential as a stress-mitigating agent. Global methylation analysis revealed changes in DNA methylation patterns, indicating the regulatory influence of PBZ on gene expression. The expression analysis of genes involved in the diversification of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate towards the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, gibberellin acid, and chlorophyll showed alterations in their expression levels, suggesting the involvement of PBZ in the isoprenoid pathway. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which PBZ modulates physiological and molecular responses in rice plants under WDS. The findings highlight the importance of PBZ as a promising agent for enhancing drought tolerance in rice and offer valuable information for future research in crop stress management.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ increased dry matter by 16.27%‒61.91% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- rice varieties
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- PBZ treatmente0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 16.27%‒61.91%e0
- Qualifier
- under both mild and severe WDSe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBZ treatment positively influenced the physio-biochemical parameters, significantly increasing dry matter (16.27%‒61.91%), RWC (6.48%‒ 16.34%), membrane stability index (4.37%‒10.35%), and total chlorophyll content (8.97%‒29.09%) in the rice varieties under both mild and severe WDS.”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ increased RWC by 6.48%‒ 16.34%.
- Taxon
- rice varietiesOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PBZ treatmente0
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 6.48%‒ 16.34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBZ treatment positively influenced the physio-biochemical parameters, significantly increasing dry matter (16.27%‒61.91%), RWC (6.48%‒ 16.34%), membrane stability index (4.37%‒10.35%), and total chlorophyll content (8.97%‒29.09%) in the rice varieties under both mild and severe WDS.”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ increased membrane stability index by 4.37%‒10.35%.
- Taxon
- rice varietiesOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PBZ treatmente0
- Outcome
- membrane stability indexe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 4.37%‒10.35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBZ treatment positively influenced the physio-biochemical parameters, significantly increasing dry matter (16.27%‒61.91%), RWC (6.48%‒ 16.34%), membrane stability index (4.37%‒10.35%), and total chlorophyll content (8.97%‒29.09%) in the rice varieties under both mild and severe WDS.”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ increased total chlorophyll content by 8.97%‒29.09%.
- Taxon
- rice varietiesOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PBZ treatmente0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 8.97%‒29.09%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBZ treatment positively influenced the physio-biochemical parameters, significantly increasing dry matter (16.27%‒61.91%), RWC (6.48%‒ 16.34%), membrane stability index (4.37%‒10.35%), and total chlorophyll content (8.97%‒29.09%) in the rice varieties under both mild and severe WDS.”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ reduced drought susceptibility.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PBZ treatmente0
- Outcome
- drought susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 0.83‒0.95e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBZ treatment reduced drought susceptibility (0.83‒0.95) and enhanced drought tolerance efficiency (60.92%‒86.78%)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ enhanced drought tolerance efficiency.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PBZ treatmente0
- Outcome
- drought tolerance efficiencye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 60.92%‒86.78%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBZ treatment reduced drought susceptibility (0.83‒0.95) and enhanced drought tolerance efficiency (60.92%‒86.78%)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ altered DNA methylation patterns.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PBZe0
- Outcome
- DNA methylation patternse0
- Direction
- changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Global methylation analysis revealed changes in DNA methylation patterns, indicating the regulatory influence of PBZ on gene expression.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ was associated with altered expression of genes in isoprenoid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- genes involved in the diversification of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphatee0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- alterationse0
- Qualifier
- suggesting the involvement of PBZ in the isoprenoid pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression analysis of genes involved in the diversification of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate towards the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, gibberellin acid, and chlorophyll showed alterations in their expression levels, suggesting the involvement of PBZ in the isoprenoid pathway.”
t0“Rice”
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