Abstract
Purpose. To analyze the features of growth and formation of the winter pea productivity under various weed control options in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted at the Salyvonky State Enterprise of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region) in 2020–2023. The agronomic practices used in the experiment were conventional for the zone of insufficient moisture of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine, with the exception of the studied elements. Results. The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage. This contributed to the fact that during the flowering period, the leaf area of the crop plants was more than 36 thousand m2/ha, and in the spring, it was more than 35 thousand m2/ha. The use of the same herbicide in the BBCH 14 ensured the formation of a leaf area of more than 35 thousand m2/ha, which corresponded to the indicators of the treatment with herbicide Pulsar 40 in the BBCH 12. That is, winter pea crops, during flowering, are able to effectively limit the sprouting of new weed plants and the growth and development of their existing plants, which was facilitated by the timely application of the herbicide. The application of the herbicide Corum turned out to be the best option from the point of view of the formation of a high level of photosynthetic potential (PP) of pea crops. For the application in the herbicide in autumn in the BBCH 12 stage at an application rate of 1.50 l/ha, the FP was 1.57 thousand m2/ha × day. At the same time, application rate of 1.25 l/ha slightly differed from the best in the experiment. The spring application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 at application rates of 1.25 and 1.50 l/ha contributed to obtaining PP of 1.51–1.52 thousand m2/ha × days, which also provided the highest indicators in the spring block of the experiment. Since, thanks to the application of Corum herbicide, winter pea plants formed a large leaf area, the indicators of net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application and 2.64 g/m2 per day for spring application. The highest PP of pea in the experiment was provided by the use of herbicide Pulsar Flex, which was probably achieved due to the slightly smaller leaf area formed by the crops and the mild effect of the herbicide on the plants, which reduced the risk of stress in crops and contributed to active plant growth and development. Conclusions. Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield. In all years of research, as well as on average in the experiment, the application of 1.50 l/ha of this herbicide in the BBCH 12 provided the highest yield: 3.08, 1.98, and 3.68 t/ha in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively, and 2.91 t/ha on average over three years. In the second place in terms of yield formation efficiency was the application of the same rate of herbicide in the BBCH 14, while later application dates did not contribute to a high level of realization of the crop biological potential. Spring application of Corum was also effective at both application rates in the BBCH 12 stage of weed development: the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-sa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn Corum at BBCH 12 gave the best pea growth and development.
Lathyrus oleraceusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn Corum at BBCH 12 yielded flowering leaf area above 36 thousand m2/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“during the flowering period, the leaf area of the crop plants was more than 36 thousand m2/ha”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring Corum at BBCH 12 yielded leaf area above 35 thousand m2/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“in the spring, it was more than 35 thousand m2/ha”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Corum at BBCH 14 yielded leaf area above 35 thousand m2/ha, comparable to Pulsar 40 at BBCH 12.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“The use of the same herbicide in the BBCH 14 ensured the formation of a leaf area of more than 35 thousand m2/ha, which corresponded to the indicators of the treatment with herbicide Pulsar 40 in the BBCH 12.”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering pea crops limited new weed sprouting.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“winter pea crops, during flowering, are able to effectively limit the sprouting of new weed plants”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering pea crops limited growth and development of existing weeds.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“the growth and development of their existing plants, which was facilitated by the timely application of the herbicide”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn Corum at BBCH 12 and 1.50 l/ha gave photosynthetic potential of 1.57 thousand m2/ha × day.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“in autumn in the BBCH 12 stage at an application rate of 1.50 l/ha, the FP was 1.57 thousand m2/ha × day”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn Corum at 1.25 l/ha differed slightly from the best photosynthetic-potential treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“application rate of 1.25 l/ha slightly differed from the best in the experiment”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring Corum at 1.25 l/ha gave photosynthetic potential within 1.51–1.52 thousand m2/ha × days.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“at application rates of 1.25 and 1.50 l/ha contributed to obtaining PP of 1.51–1.52 thousand m2/ha × days”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring Corum at 1.50 l/ha gave photosynthetic potential within 1.51–1.52 thousand m2/ha × days.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“at application rates of 1.25 and 1.50 l/ha contributed to obtaining PP of 1.51–1.52 thousand m2/ha × days”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The best autumn Corum treatment gave net photosynthesis productivity of 2.89 g/m2 per day.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The best spring Corum treatment gave net photosynthesis productivity of 2.64 g/m2 per day.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“2.64 g/m2 per day for spring application”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pulsar Flex gave the highest reported pea PP.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“The highest PP of pea in the experiment was provided by the use of herbicide Pulsar Flex”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn Corum at BBCH 12 and 1.50 l/ha gave pea yield of 3.08 t/ha in 2021.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“3.08, 1.98, and 3.68 t/ha in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn Corum at BBCH 12 and 1.50 l/ha gave pea yield of 1.98 t/ha in 2022.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“3.08, 1.98, and 3.68 t/ha in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn Corum at BBCH 12 and 1.50 l/ha gave pea yield of 3.68 t/ha in 2023.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“3.08, 1.98, and 3.68 t/ha in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn Corum at BBCH 12 and 1.50 l/ha gave average yield of 2.91 t/ha over three years.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“2.91 t/ha on average over three years”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The same Corum rate at BBCH 14 ranked second for yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“In the second place in terms of yield formation efficiency was the application of the same rate of herbicide in the BBCH 14”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring Corum at 1.25 l/ha in BBCH 12 yielded 2.52 t/ha of pea seed.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring Corum at 1.50 l/ha in BBCH 12 yielded 2.62 t/ha of pea seed.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter pea”
e0“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
e1“Autumn application of Corum herbicide to protect crops was the most efficient for increasing pea yield”
e2“The best conditions for the growth and development of pea plants and leaf area formation were noted for the autumn application of the herbicide Corum in the BBCH 12 stage.”
e3“net photosynthesis productivity of crops in the best treatments were at the level of 2.89 g/m2 per day for autumn application”
e4“the yield of pea seeds was 2.52 and 2.62 t/ha, respectively”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results differ
44 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
58 papers more in this group
See all 62 papers →herbicide · physiology: photosynthesis · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
herbicide · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.