Abstract
Synthetic food dyes have garnered significant attention due to potential health risks, including cytotoxicity, allergenicity, and even carcinogenicity observed in animal models. Given the widespread use of artificial food dyes in the food industry and potential concerns regarding their safety, this investigation could explore the influence of a lemon-flavored food dye on Allium cepa L.. Onion root tip meristems were exposed to various concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) of food dye in aqueous solutions for 24 hours at room temperature. A concentration-dependent detrimental effect was observed on all evaluated morphological parameters, including root number, root length, dry weight, and wet weight, with the control group exhibiting the highest values and the 2% treatment group displaying the lowest. Mitotic analysis revealed normal cell division in the control group, but increasing food dye concentrations induced a spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, suggesting disruption of spindle fibers and chromosome cohesion defects. The control group displayed the highest mitotic index (MI) of 9.2, with a positive correlation observed between increasing food dye concentration and the frequency of mitotic abnormalities (0.3 in control vs. 16.8 at 2% treatment). The most prevalent abnormality was multipolar anaphase (5.4 at 2% treatment), while anaphase bridge displayed the lowest incidence (1.7 at 2% treatment). This is evidenced by the significant decrease in root growth parameters (length and number) and (MI), a key indicator of cell division activity. Furthermore, the observed chromosomal aberrations, including sticky metaphase, C-mitosis, laggard chromosomes, anaphase bridges, and multipolar anaphase, are strong indicators of potential genotoxicity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon-flavored food dye reduced the number and length of onion roots, and their dry weight, relative to the control group.
- Taxon
- Allium Cepa
Allium cepat0 - Organ / stage
- root tipst0
- Treatment
- lemon-flavored food dyee0
- Outcome
- root number, root length, dry weighte1
- Direction
- detrimentale1
- Qualifier
- concentration-dependente1
- Comparator
- control groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allium Cepa Root Tips”
e0“the influence of a lemon-flavored food dye”
e1“A concentration-dependent detrimental effect was observed on all evaluated morphological parameters, including root number, root length, dry weight, and wet weight, with the control group exhibiting the highest values and the 2% treatment group displaying the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon-flavored food dye reduced the wet weight of onion roots relative to the control group.
- Taxon
- Allium CepaAllium cepat0
- Organ / stage
- root tipst0
- Treatment
- lemon-flavored food dyee0
- Outcome
- wet weighte1
- Direction
- detrimentale1
- Qualifier
- concentration-dependente1
- Comparator
- control groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allium Cepa Root Tips”
e0“the influence of a lemon-flavored food dye”
e1“A concentration-dependent detrimental effect was observed on all evaluated morphological parameters, including root number, root length, dry weight, and wet weight, with the control group exhibiting the highest values and the 2% treatment group displaying the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
The control group had a mitotic index of 9.2.
- Taxon
- Allium CepaAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- mitotic indexe2
- Value
- 9.2e2
- Qualifier
- control groupe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allium Cepa Root Tips”
e2“The control group displayed the highest mitotic index (MI) of 9.2”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon-flavored food dye significantly decreased the mitotic index of onion root tips relative to the control group.
- Taxon
- Allium CepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- lemon-flavored food dyee0
- Outcome
- MIe3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Comparator
- control groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allium Cepa Root Tips”
e0“the influence of a lemon-flavored food dye”
e1“A concentration-dependent detrimental effect was observed on all evaluated morphological parameters, including root number, root length, dry weight, and wet weight, with the control group exhibiting the highest values and the 2% treatment group displaying the lowest”
e3“This is evidenced by the significant decrease in root growth parameters (length and number) and (MI), a key indicator of cell division activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing food dye concentration is positively correlated with the frequency of mitotic abnormalities in onion root tips.
- Taxon
- Allium CepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- increasing food dye concentratione4
- Outcome
- frequency of mitotic abnormalitiese4
- Direction
- positive correlatione4
- Qualifier
- 0.3 in control vs. 16.8 at 2% treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allium Cepa Root Tips”
e4“with a positive correlation observed between increasing food dye concentration and the frequency of mitotic abnormalities (0.3 in control vs. 16.8 at 2% treatment)”
Claim · model-written summary
Multipolar anaphase was the most prevalent mitotic abnormality (5.4 at 2% treatment).
- Taxon
- Allium CepaAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- multipolar anaphasee5
- Value
- 5.4e5
- Qualifier
- 2% treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allium Cepa Root Tips”
e5“The most prevalent abnormality was multipolar anaphase (5.4 at 2% treatment), while anaphase bridge displayed the lowest incidence (1.7 at 2% treatment)”
Claim · model-written summary
Anaphase bridge had the lowest incidence among mitotic abnormalities (1.7 at 2% treatment).
- Taxon
- Allium CepaAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- anaphase bridgee5
- Value
- 1.7e5
- Qualifier
- lowest incidencee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allium Cepa Root Tips”
e5“The most prevalent abnormality was multipolar anaphase (5.4 at 2% treatment), while anaphase bridge displayed the lowest incidence (1.7 at 2% treatment)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing food dye concentrations suggest disruption of spindle fibers and chromosome cohesion as a mechanism of chromosomal aberrations.
- Taxon
- Allium CepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- increasing food dye concentrationse6
- Outcome
- chromosomal aberrationse6
- Qualifier
- disruption of spindle fibers and chromosome cohesion defectse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allium Cepa Root Tips”
e6“Mitotic analysis revealed normal cell division in the control group, but increasing food dye concentrations induced a spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, suggesting disruption of spindle fibers and chromosome cohesion defects”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing food dye concentrations induced a spectrum of chromosomal aberrations in onion root tips.
- Taxon
- Allium CepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- increasing food dye concentrationse6
- Outcome
- chromosomal aberrationse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allium Cepa Root Tips”
e6“Mitotic analysis revealed normal cell division in the control group, but increasing food dye concentrations induced a spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, suggesting disruption of spindle fibers and chromosome cohesion defects”
Claim · model-written summary
Mitotic division was normal in the control group.
- Taxon
- Allium CepaAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- normal cell divisione6
- Qualifier
- control groupe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allium Cepa Root Tips”
e6“Mitotic analysis revealed normal cell division in the control group, but increasing food dye concentrations induced a spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, suggesting disruption of spindle fibers and chromosome cohesion defects”
Claim · model-written summary
The chromosomal aberrations are strong indicators of potential genotoxicity.
- Taxon
- Allium CepaAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- potential genotoxicitye7
- Qualifier
- chromosomal aberrationse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allium Cepa Root Tips”
e7“Furthermore, the observed chromosomal aberrations, including sticky metaphase, C-mitosis, laggard chromosomes, anaphase bridges, and multipolar anaphase, are strong indicators of potential genotoxicity”