Abstract
Phosphorous (P) is a limiting macronutrient for crop growth. Its deficiency prevents plant development leading to an extensive use of phosphatic fertilizers globally. Bio-organic phosphate (BOP) fertilizer provides a sustainable approach to optimize nutrient availability, enhance crop yield, and mitigate the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers on the environment. Therefore, the present study integrates the application of heat-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, rock phosphate, and organic materials for the development of BOP. For this purpose, potential heat-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated from major wheat-growing areas of southern Punjab. Five isolates were the efficient phosphate solubilizers based on in vitro phosphate-solubilizing activity (291–454 μg ml −1 and 278–421 μg ml −1 ) with a concomitant decrease in pH (up to 4.5) at 45°C and 50°C, respectively. These PSB were used for the development of potential consortia that are compatible and showed high P solubilization. In planta evaluation of these PSB consortia in a pot experiment under net house conditions showed that consortium-2 had a favorable impact on growth parameter with enhanced grain yield (9.63 g plant −1 ) and soil available P (10 μg g −1 ) as compared with 80% uninoculated control. The microcosm study was conducted to evaluate PSB consortium-2 integrated with carrier material (plant material and filter mud) and rock phosphate as BOP increased total phosphorous (14%) as compared with uninoculated controls. Plant-based BOP showed higher viable count (3.5 × 10 8 \u00B0CFU) as compared with filter mud-based BOP. Furthermore, the effect of BOP on wheat growth parameters revealed that BOP showed a promising influence on grain yield (4.5 g plant −1 ) and soil available P (10.7 μg g −1 ) as compared with uninoculated 80 and 100% controls. Principle component analysis (PCA) further validates a positive correlation between BOP with grain weight and plant height and soil available P as compared with both 80 and 100% controls. For the first time, this study reports the combined application of bio-organic phosphate fertilizer and heat-tolerant PSB, which offers an eco-friendly option to harvest better wheat yield with low fertilizer input.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Five isolates solubilized phosphate at 291–454 μg ml −1 at 45°C in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- phosphate solubilizerse1symbiont
- Outcome
- in vitro phosphate-solubilizing activitye1
- Value
- 291–454 μg ml −1e1
- Qualifier
- at 45°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“Five isolates were the efficient phosphate solubilizers based on in vitro phosphate-solubilizing activity (291–454 μg ml −1 and 278–421 μg ml −1 ) with a concomitant decrease in pH (up to 4.5) at 45°C and 50°C, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Five isolates solubilized phosphate at 278–421 μg ml −1 at 50°C in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- phosphate solubilizerse1symbiont
- Outcome
- in vitro phosphate-solubilizing activitye1
- Value
- 278–421 μg ml −1e1
- Qualifier
- at 45°C and 50°C, respectivelye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“Five isolates were the efficient phosphate solubilizers based on in vitro phosphate-solubilizing activity (291–454 μg ml −1 and 278–421 μg ml −1 ) with a concomitant decrease in pH (up to 4.5) at 45°C and 50°C, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates decreased medium pH by up to 4.5 at 45°C and 50°C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- phosphate solubilizerse1symbiont
- Outcome
- pHe1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- up to 4.5e1
- Qualifier
- at 45°C and 50°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“Five isolates were the efficient phosphate solubilizers based on in vitro phosphate-solubilizing activity (291–454 μg ml −1 and 278–421 μg ml −1 ) with a concomitant decrease in pH (up to 4.5) at 45°C and 50°C, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Consortium-2 enhanced grain yield to 9.63 g per plant compared with the 80% uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- consortium-2e3
- Interactor
- consortium-2e3symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Value
- 9.63 g plant −1e3
- Comparator
- 80% uninoculated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e3“consortium-2 had a favorable impact on growth parameter with enhanced grain yield (9.63 g plant −1 ) and soil available P (10 μg g −1 ) as compared with 80% uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Consortium-2 enhanced soil available P to 10 μg per gram compared with the 80% uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- consortium-2e3
- Interactor
- consortium-2e3symbiont
- Outcome
- soil available Pe3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Value
- 10 μg g −1e3
- Comparator
- 80% uninoculated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e3“consortium-2 had a favorable impact on growth parameter with enhanced grain yield (9.63 g plant −1 ) and soil available P (10 μg g −1 ) as compared with 80% uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
BOP increased grain yield to 4.5 g per plant compared with the uninoculated 80 and 100% controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- BOPe2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 4.5 g plant −1e2
- Comparator
- uninoculated 80 and 100% controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the effect of BOP on wheat growth parameters revealed that BOP showed a promising influence on grain yield (4.5 g plant −1 ) and soil available P (10.7 μg g −1 ) as compared with uninoculated 80 and 100% controls”
Claim · model-written summary
BOP increased soil available P to 10.7 μg per gram compared with the uninoculated 80 and 100% controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- BOPe2
- Outcome
- soil available Pe2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 10.7 μg g −1e2
- Comparator
- uninoculated 80 and 100% controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the effect of BOP on wheat growth parameters revealed that BOP showed a promising influence on grain yield (4.5 g plant −1 ) and soil available P (10.7 μg g −1 ) as compared with uninoculated 80 and 100% controls”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB consortium-2 with carrier material and rock phosphate as BOP increased total phosphorus by 14% in the microcosm compared with uninoculated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PSB consortium-2 integrated with carrier material (plant material and filter mud) and rock phosphate as BOPe4
- Interactor
- PSBe4symbiont
- Outcome
- total phosphorouse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 14%e4
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse4
- Setting
- microcosme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e4“The microcosm study was conducted to evaluate PSB consortium-2 integrated with carrier material (plant material and filter mud) and rock phosphate as BOP increased total phosphorous (14%) as compared with uninoculated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant-based BOP had a higher viable count of bacteria than filter mud-based BOP.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Plant-based BOPe5
- Outcome
- viable counte5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 3.5 × 10 8e5
- Comparator
- filter mud-based BOPe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e5“Plant-based BOP showed higher viable count (3.5 × 10 8”
e6“as compared with filter mud-based BOP”
Claim · model-written summary
BOP correlated positively with grain weight, plant height and soil available P compared with both 80 and 100% controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- BOPe7
- Outcome
- grain weight and plant height and soil available Pe7
- Direction
- positivee7
- Comparator
- both 80 and 100% controlse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e7“Principle component analysis (PCA) further validates a positive correlation between BOP with grain weight and plant height and soil available P as compared with both 80 and 100% controls”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined application of bio-organic phosphate fertilizer and heat-tolerant PSB offers an option for better wheat yield with low fertilizer input.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combined application of bio-organic phosphate fertilizer and heat-tolerant PSBe0
- Outcome
- better wheat yield with low fertilizer inpute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the first time, this study reports the combined application of bio-organic phosphate fertilizer and heat-tolerant PSB, which offers an eco-friendly option to harvest better wheat yield with low fertilizer input”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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523 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
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See all 572 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.