Abstract
The 'Okitsu No. 58' citrus variety is highly prone to fruit cracking, which jeopardizes yield and results in economic losses. In this study, we investigated the impacts of spraying 5 distinct concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g/L) of chelated calcium (Ca) or silicon (Si) fertilizers at the young fruit stage (60-90 days after flowering, DAF) on fruit cracking and quality in the citrus variety 'Okitsu No. 58'. The results showed either Ca or Si fertilizer treatments reduced fruit cracking. We found that all Ca and partial Si treatments (0.4 and 0.5 g/L) significantly promoted the accumulation of Ca content in the peel. Notably, Ca or Si treatments significantly reduced polygalacturonase (PG) activity and inhibited the production of water-soluble pectin (WSP) in the peel. Additionally, Ca or Si treatments elevated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the peels. Changes in these parameters likely contributed to strengthening the durability of peel cell wall constituents, thus enhancing the fruit's resistance to fruit cracking. Overall, except for the C3 (0.3 g/L of Ca), Ca or Si fertilizers contributed to fruit conventional quality, mainly in terms of higher soluble sugars (SS) and SS/TA (titratable acid). Therefore, our findings will provide a reference for the prevention and control of citrus fruit cracking and the development of new fertilizers.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Either Ca or Si fertilizer treatment reduced fruit cracking in citrus.
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigating citrus fruit cracking”
e0“The results showed either Ca or Si fertilizer treatments reduced fruit cracking”
e6“The 'Okitsu No. 58' citrus variety is highly prone to fruit cracking”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca and partial Si treatments at 0.4 and 0.5 g/L significantly increased peel Ca content.
- Material
- Okitsu No. 58e6
- Organ / stage
- peele1
- Treatment
- Ca and partial Si treatments (0.4 and 0.5 g/L)e1
- Outcome
- accumulation of Ca contente1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigating citrus fruit cracking”
e1“all Ca and partial Si treatments (0.4 and 0.5 g/L) significantly promoted the accumulation of Ca content in the peel”
e6“The 'Okitsu No. 58' citrus variety is highly prone to fruit cracking”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca or Si treatments significantly reduced polygalacturonase (PG) activity in the peel.
- Material
- Okitsu No. 58e6
- Organ / stage
- peele2
- Treatment
- Ca or Si treatmentse2
- Outcome
- polygalacturonase (PG) activitye2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigating citrus fruit cracking”
e2“Notably, Ca or Si treatments significantly reduced polygalacturonase (PG) activity and inhibited the production of water-soluble pectin (WSP) in the peel”
e6“The 'Okitsu No. 58' citrus variety is highly prone to fruit cracking”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca or Si treatments inhibited production of water-soluble pectin (WSP) in the peel.
- Material
- Okitsu No. 58e6
- Organ / stage
- peele2
- Treatment
- Ca or Si treatmentse2
- Outcome
- production of water-soluble pectin (WSP)e2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigating citrus fruit cracking”
e2“Notably, Ca or Si treatments significantly reduced polygalacturonase (PG) activity and inhibited the production of water-soluble pectin (WSP) in the peel”
e6“The 'Okitsu No. 58' citrus variety is highly prone to fruit cracking”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca or Si treatments elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the peel.
- Material
- Okitsu No. 58e6
- Organ / stage
- peelse3
- Treatment
- Ca or Si treatmentse3
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye3
- Direction
- elevatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigating citrus fruit cracking”
e3“Ca or Si treatments elevated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the peels”
e6“The 'Okitsu No. 58' citrus variety is highly prone to fruit cracking”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca or Si treatments decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the peel.
- Material
- Okitsu No. 58e6
- Organ / stage
- peelse3
- Treatment
- Ca or Si treatmentse3
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigating citrus fruit cracking”
e3“Ca or Si treatments elevated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the peels”
e6“The 'Okitsu No. 58' citrus variety is highly prone to fruit cracking”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in peel parameters likely strengthened peel cell wall durability and so the fruit resistance to fruit cracking.
- Outcome
- resistance to fruit crackinge4
- Qualifier
- strengthening the durability of peel cell wall constituentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigating citrus fruit cracking”
e4“Changes in these parameters likely contributed to strengthening the durability of peel cell wall constituents, thus enhancing the fruit's resistance to fruit cracking”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca or Si fertilizers, except 0.3 g/L Ca, mainly increased soluble sugars and SS/TA in fruit.
- Material
- Okitsu No. 58e6
- Treatment
- Ca or Si fertilizerse5
- Outcome
- soluble sugars (SS) and SS/TAe5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- except for the C3 (0.3 g/L of Ca)e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mitigating citrus fruit cracking”
e5“Overall, except for the C3 (0.3 g/L of Ca), Ca or Si fertilizers contributed to fruit conventional quality, mainly in terms of higher soluble sugars (SS) and SS/TA (titratable acid)”
e6“The 'Okitsu No. 58' citrus variety is highly prone to fruit cracking”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · molecular: metabolites · CitrusPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
calcium atom · molecular: metabolites · CitrusPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
calcium atom · nutrient: content · CitrusPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →silicon atom · nutrient: content · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · physiology: osmolytes · CitrusResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.